Childhood mental health, adverse childhood experiences, and cardiovascular health outcomes: Lifestyle and enviornmental factors

初级预防心血管疾病的一种方法是改变儿童和青少年的危险因素。然而，这一人群的危险因素传统上是从身体/生理角度来看待的，很少有研究考虑到心理因素的影响，包括心理健康和逆境。研究这些因素在儿童期、青春期和成年期如何随时间变化也很重要，但目前缺乏纵向证据。体育活动是一个重要的生活方式因素，可以改变心血管疾病的风险，建议5-18岁的人每周平均每天进行60分钟的中等至高强度体育活动。然而，目前尚不清楚体育活动如何改变儿童时期的心理健康和不良经历以及青春期和成年早期心血管疾病风险之间的关系。综上所述，当前项目的目的是回答以下研究问题：1。儿童时期的心理健康和不良经历是否与青春期和成年期的心血管健康相关？这种联系取决于身体活动水平，还是取决于性别和社会经济地位等重要因素？体育活动、心理技能训练或两者结合对儿童心理压力的心血管反应有什么影响？评估心理、环境和生活方式风险因素对心血管疾病的影响，同时提供了一种新的、跨学科的、全面的方法，这可能有助于改善当前和未来几代人的健康和福祉。此外，考虑到社会群体之间的差异，可以确定哪些人在童年时期特别容易受到心理健康问题或逆境的影响，哪些人在成年后心血管健康可能受到更大的影响。这项研究将包括大规模的纵向数据分析，包括童年、青春期和成年早期的测量数据。重要的发现将与其他组织分享，例如在学校传播监测心理健康重要性的意识，并与诸如Young Minds之类的儿童心理健康慈善机构进行沟通。至关重要的是，目前政府针对心血管疾病采取的侧重于饮食和身体活动的方法，可能不是实现拟议目标的成功长期计划，因为有证据表明，对促进身体活动和饮食干预的研究的不遵守率很高。因此，需要创新研究来评估心理、环境和生活方式因素对心血管健康的综合影响，这可能在未来的心血管疾病预防中发挥关键作用。

One approach for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is the modification of risk factors in children and adolescents. However, risk factors in this population are traditionally view from a physical/physiological perspective, with little research considering the influence of psychological factors, including mental health and adversity. it is also important to examine how these factors change over time during childhood, adolescence and into adulthood, but there is currently a lack of longitudinal evidence. Physical activity is an important lifestyle factor that can modify the risk of cardiovascular disease, with 5-18 year old recommended to undertake an average of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity per day across the week. However, it is currently unknown how physical activity may alter the relationship between psychological health and adverse experiences during childhood and the risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescence and early adulthood. Given the above, the aim of the current project is to answer the following research questions:1. Are measures of mental health and adverse experiences during childhood associated with measures of cardiovascular health in adolescence and adulthood?2. Does the association depend on the level of physical activity, or between important factors such as sex and socioeconomic status?3. What is the impact of physical activity, psychological skills training, or a combination of both, on the cardiovascular responses to mental stress within children? Assessing the contribution of psychological, environmental and lifestyle risk factors to cardiovascular disease simultaneously provides a novel, interdisciplinary, and comprehensive view of approaches which may be beneficial to improving the health and wellbeing of current and future generations across their lifespan. Furthermore, consideration of differences between societal groups may identify populations who are particularly vulnerable to mental health issues or adversity in childhood or those who may suffer greater impacts on cardiovascular health in adulthood. This research would include ambitious analyses of large-scale, longitudinal data, with measurements through childhood, adolescence and into early adulthood. Important findings will be shared with other organisations, such as spreading awareness of the importance of monitoring mental health within schools and communicating with children's mental health charities such as Young Minds. Crucially, current governmental approaches towards tackling cardiovascular disease focusing on diet and physical activity may not be a successful long-term plan to reach proposed targets, based on evidence illustrating high rates of non-compliance to studies promoting physical activity and dietary interventions. As a result, innovative research is needed to assess the combined influence of psychological, environmental and lifestyle factors on cardiovascular health, which could play a pivotal role in the future prevention of cardiovascular disease.