Sex, sex steroids and dry eye syndromes

描述：眼前泪膜在保持眼表完整性、防止微生物攻击和保持视力方面起着至关重要的作用。反过来，泪膜功能障碍可能会严重影响眼睛，导致角膜干燥、溃疡和穿孔，增加感染性疾病的发生率，并显著损害视力和失明。无数的人患有泪膜紊乱，这被称为干眼综合征，分为两种主要类型：缺水和蒸发。缺水干眼是由于泪腺分泌泪液减少所致。Sjégren综合征就是一个例子，这是一种常见的自身免疫性疾病，主要困扰女性，并破坏泪腺。蒸发性干眼通常是由眉下腺功能障碍引起的，可能是绝经期间干眼的主要原因，使用雌激素替代疗法和衰老。这项赠款申请的长期目标是检验我们的假设：(1)性类固醇在眼表和附件的生理调节以及泪膜的产生中极其重要；(2)性、性类固醇激素，特别是雄激素缺乏，是水分缺乏和蒸发性干眼综合征发病的关键病因因素。实验程序包括小鼠模型、全基因组微阵列(如基因芯片)、实时聚合酶链式反应、原位杂交、细胞培养、免疫分析、二维凝胶、MALDI/MS、酶分析、组织学、图像分析、激素重建实验以及使用受控环境小室。我们的具体目标是：(1)确定在正常和/或自身免疫(即Sjégren综合征)小鼠的泪腺和眉板腺的性别相关差异和性类固醇控制的基因和蛋白质；(2)研究性别和性类固醇对干眼发育的影响；以及(3)确定人类泪腺和眉板腺、角膜和结膜的基因表达存在的性别相关差异。这些研究的结果应该会极大地促进我们对性别和性类固醇影响眼前段的过程的理解。此外，这些发现可能与眼睛的健康有关，因为它们：(1)探索泪膜的调节；(2)可能导致临床治疗干眼症的特定疗法的发展。

DESCRIPTION: The preocular tear film plays an essential role in maintaining ocular surface integrity, protecting against microbial challenge and preserving visual acuity. Tear film dysfunction, in turn, may severely impact the eye and lead to desiccation, ulceration and perforation of the cornea, an increased incidence of infectious disease, and pronounced visual impairment and blindness. Countless people suffer from tear film disorders, which are termed dry eye syndromes and are classified into 2 major types: aqueous-deficient and evaporative. Aqueous-deficient dry eye is due to decreased tear secretion from the lacrimal gland. An example is Sj¿gren's syndrome, a common autoimmune disease that afflicts primarily women and destroys the lacrimal gland. Evaporative dry eye is typically caused by meibomian gland dysfunction and may be a major cause of dry eye during menopause, use of estrogen replacement therapy and aging. The long range objectives of this grant application are to test our hypotheses that: (1) sex steroids are extremely important in the physiological regulation of the ocular surface and adnexa, as well as the production of the tear film; and (2) sex, sex steroid hormones, and in particular androgen deficiency, are critical etiologic factors in the pathogenesis of both aqueous-deficient and evaporative dry eye syndromes. Experimental procedures include mouse models, whole genome microarrays (e.g. gene chips), real-time-PCR, in situ hybridization, cell cultures, immunoassays, 2D gels, MALDI/mass spectrometry, enzyme assays, histology, image analysis, hormone reconstitution experiments, as well as use of a controlled environment chamber. Our specific aims are to: (1) identify the genes and proteins that mediate the sex-related differences in, and the sex steroid control of, lacrimal and meibomian glands in normal and/or autoimmune (i.e. Sj¿gren's syndrome) mice; (2) examine the influence of sex and sex steroids on the development of dry eye; and (3) identify the sex-related differences that exist in the gene expression of the human lacrimal and meibomian glands, cornea and conjunctiva. Results from these studies should significantly advance our understanding of the processes by which sex and sex steroids influence the anterior segment of the eye. In addition, findings may have health relatedness for the eye, because they: (1) explore the regulation of the tear film; and (2) may lead to the development of specific therapies for the clinical treatment of dry eye syndromes.