Exploring the association between perinatal maternal mental health, infant brain development and childhood mental health outcomes - a multi-context s

在怀孕期间或之后，多达20%的女性会经历心理健康问题，如抑郁和焦虑。产妇心理健康状况不佳可能影响婴儿得到的护理以及婴儿与护理者的互动，对后代的结果产生深远影响，包括认知、社会、行为和情感发展，甚至精神病理学2 -4。在经历围产期精神健康问题的母亲的孩子中也观察到了生物学变化，包括皮质醇反应性升高5，6，以及参与对压力的认知情绪反应，奖励敏感性和社会情绪功能的大脑区域的结构和功能改变7 -9。这种改变可能有助于增加儿童对发展精神病理学的脆弱性。该项目将评估在英国和新加坡招募的典型发育和发育不良儿童（年龄2-11岁，n~2000）的数据，这些数据是从出生时和整个儿童期不同时间点收集的。这些数据包括大脑结构和功能的详细信息（通过磁共振成像或MRI获得），围产期产妇心理健康，精神病家族史，生活事件，养育方式以及儿童发育的几个方面，包括运动，语言，认知，心理健康和社会情感结果。更多地了解特定的大脑结构和功能的改变如何影响围产期产妇的心理健康和儿童早期发育之间的已知联系，将阐明心理健康障碍的跨代传递的机制。此外，研究不同地理环境下孕产妇心理健康对儿童认知和行为的长期影响，可以为针对具体情况的干预措施提供信息，以支持孕产妇心理健康、促进儿童发育，并促进母婴关系。使用全脑的方法来研究大脑结构和功能连接的改变，作为母亲精神疾病和儿童易患精神病理学之间的中介。参与者将是作为英国和新加坡大型纵向研究的一部分进行评估的儿童。这些是发育中人类连接组项目（dHCP; http：//www.developingconnectome.org/），其随访了1000多名从出生到18个月大的婴儿;早产成像研究评估（ePrime），其随访了500名在不同时间点出生的极早产（<33孕周）儿童，直到10岁;以及新加坡健康成长研究（GUSTO; https://www.gusto.sg），其调查了1200名母亲和儿童，并随访了500名参与者，直到10岁。这些研究收集了出生时（dHCP、ePRIME、GUSTO）和儿童期（ePRIME、GUSTO）MRI成像、围产期母亲心理健康（例如，爱丁堡产前抑郁量表）、精神病家族史、生活事件、养育方式和儿童发育，包括粗大和精细运动、语言、认知、行为和社会情感结果。

During or after pregnancy, up to 20% of women will experience mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety1. Poor maternal mental health is likely to affect the care that the infant receives as well as infant-carer interactions, with profound effects on offspring outcomes, including cognitive, social, behavioural and emotional development and even psychopathology2-4. Biological changes have also been observed in children of mothers who experienced perinatal mental health problems, including elevated cortisol reactivity5,6, and structural and functional alterations in brain regions involved in cognitive-emotional responses to stress, reward sensitivity and socio-emotional function7-9. Such alterations could contribute to increasing children's vulnerability to developing psychopathology. This project will evaluate data from typically and atypically developing children (age 2-11 years, n~2000), recruited in the UK and in Singapore, collected from birth and throughout childhood at different time points. These data include details of brain structure and function (obtained with magnetic resonance imaging or MRI), perinatal maternal mental health, psychiatric family history, life events, parenting style, and several aspects of child development including, motor, language, cognitive, mental health and socio-emotional outcomes. An increased understanding of how specific brain structural and functional alterations influence the known links between perinatal maternal mental health and early child development will elucidate the mechanisms underlying the transgenerational transmission of mental health disorders. Furthermore, the study of long-term effects of maternal mental health on child cognition and behaviour in diverse geographical settings may inform context-specific interventions to support maternal mental health and promote child development, as well as facilitate mother-infant relationships. To use a whole-brain approach to investigate brain structural and functional connectivity alterations as mediators between maternal mental ill-health and child vulnerability to developing psychopathology. Participants will be children assessed as part of large longitudinal studies in the UK and Singapore. These are the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP; http://www.developingconnectome.org/), which followed-up over 1000 infants from birth to age 18 months, the Evaluation of Preterm Imaging study (ePrime), which followed-up 500 children who were born very preterm (<33 weeks of gestation) at various time points up to age 10, and the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes study (GUSTO; https://www.gusto.sg), which investigated 1200 mothers and children and followed-up 500 participants up to ten time-points up to the age of 10. These studies have collected comparable data on MRI imaging at birth (dHCP, ePRIME, GUSTO) and in childhood (ePRIME, GUSTO), perinatal maternal mental health (e.g., Edinburgh Prenatal Depression Scale), psychiatric family history, life events, parenting style, and child development including gross and fine motor, language, cognitive, behavioural and socio-emotional outcomes.