Development of Orthographic Knowledge: fMRI Studies

描述(由申请人提供)：对如何获得熟练阅读的理解是制定阅读教育改进策略的基础，并有助于识别、治疗和预防阅读和拼写方面的发展缺陷。熟练阅读是经验和神经生物学底物发展的复杂相互作用的结果。对阅读的发展神经生物学的研究可能会对阅读的熟练表现有重要的洞察力。这项建议侧重于将视觉正字法(即字母)信息与音韵学联系起来，这对阅读技能的获得至关重要。发展功能神经解剖学对正字法加工和语音加工之间关系的表征将为研究典型(和非典型)阅读发展的认知神经科学提供重要的背景。这项建议旨在识别和表征拼写知识的发育功能解剖学，以及单词阅读中涉及的拼写到声音翻译过程。首席研究员(PI)是一位受过儿科神经学训练的学术内科科学家，专门研究认知发展障碍。尽管该协会在发育神经生物学和典型和非典型发育儿童的功能神经成像方面拥有丰富的经验，但由本研究事业奖(K02)支持的整合发展心理语言学的额外维度应该会为阅读的发展神经生物学机制提供重要的见解，并在很大程度上帮助该协会进一步发展他的独立研究事业。华盛顿大学在认知神经科学、接触患者群体和发展心理语言学方面拥有极好的资源，是PI完成这一提议目标的理想环境。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An understanding of how skilled reading is achieved is fundamental to generating improved strategies for reading education, and toward identifying, treating, and preventing developmental deficits in reading and spelling. Skilled reading is the consequence of a complex interplay of experience and the development of neurobiological substrates. Investigation of the developmental neurobiology of reading is likely to yield important insight into its skilled performance. This proposal focuses on the linking of visual orthographic (i.e., letters) information to phonology, critical in the acquisition of reading skills. By extension, characterization of the developmental functional neuroanatomy of the relationship between orthographic and phonologic processing will provide an important context for studying the cognitive neuroscience of typical (and atypical) reading development. This proposal aims to identify and characterize the developmental functional anatomy of orthographic knowledge, and of the spelling-to-sound translation processes involved in word reading. The principal investigator (PI) is an academic physician-scientist trained in pediatric neurology and specializing in disorders of cognitive development. Although the PI has substantial experience in developmental neurobiology and the functional neuroimaging of typically and atypically developing children, the added dimension of integrating developmental psycholinguistics supported by this Research Career Award (K02) should provide important insights into mechanisms of the developmental neurobiology of reading and significantly aid the PI in further developing his independent research career. Washington University possesses excellent resources in cognitive neuroscience, access to patient populations, and expert researchers in developmental psycholinguistics and represents an ideal environment for the PI to complete the goals of this proposal.