Maximising urban green infrastructure for surface water flood management: an evidence-based approach

城市洪水是由暴雨引起的，是一个日益严峻的全球挑战。许多城市正在重新思考他们的洪水风险管理方法，通过使用绿色基础设施（GI）和基于自然的解决方案（NbS）来补充传统的硬工程方法。GI、NbS和可持续排水系统（SuDS）是一系列创新和新颖的解决方案和/或技术，旨在使水文响应更接近城市化前的条件。通常很难确定SuDS的有效性，这取决于风暴事件的大小和干预的空间尺度。此外，没有定期监测sud计划的成功和失败。因此，很难确定SuDS是否为管理城市洪水提供了可持续的解决方案。我们需要收集有力的证据基础，以最大限度地发挥城市绿色基础设施的作用。IAPETUS2博士项目将通过开发开创性的解决方案来解决绿色基础设施和城市洪水风险管理领域的关键研究问题，从而解决这一关键研究缺口。该博士项目将侧重于收集、分析和解释现场监测数据，以评估和最大限度地提高绿色基础设施的生物保留率。该项目将包括设计、调试和分析赫瑞瓦特大学爱丁堡校区和爱丁堡市内的新型实验室和现场实验。博士还将利用位于UKCRIC国家绿色基础设施（NGIF）的两台完全投入使用的最先进的仪器化植被生物滞留细胞溶析仪，并有机会对这些系统进行离散实验测试。此外，利用水力水文建模方法（即SWMM， HYDRUS-1D等）补充和改进现场方法，以了解NbS在更大尺度上的影响。本工程将主要集中于减少地表水流量（即减低洪水风险），但亦可能考虑水浸系统对水质、生物多样性和公共设施的影响。成功的候选人将在赫瑞瓦特大学爱丁堡校区工作，并将被要求大约每2个月访问位于泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔的NGIF进行实验监测、维护和数据收集。将有机会与国际利益相关者和合作伙伴合作，以实现不同地区/气候下国家统计局的潜力。

Urban flooding is caused by heavy rainfall and is a growing global challenge. Many cities are rethinking their approach to flood risk management by using green infrastructure (GI) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to complement traditional hard engineered approaches. GI, NbS and Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) are a series of innovative and novel solutions and/or techniques to bring hydrological responses closer to pre-urbanised conditions. It is often difficult to determine the effectiveness of SuDS and this depends on both the magnitude of storm events and the spatial scale of the intervention. Further, monitoring of the successes and failures of SuDS schemes is not routinely conducted. Thus, it can be difficult to determine whether SuDS provide a sustainable solution to manage urban flooding. We need to collect a strong evidence base to maximise urban green infrastructure. This IAPETUS2 PhD project will address this critical research gap through the development of pioneering solutions to answer critical research questions within the field of green infrastructure and urban flood risk management. This PhD project will focus on the collection, analysis and interpretation of fieldmonitored data to assess and maximise bioretention performance of green infrastructure. The project will involve the design, commissioning and analysis of novel laboratory and field experiments based at Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh campus and within the City of Edinburgh. The PhD will also leverage two fullycommissioned, state-of-the-art instrumented vegetated bioretention cell lysimeters based at the UKCRIC National Green Infrastructure Facility (NGIF), with the opportunity to conduct discrete experimental tests on these systems. Further, there is scope to complement and upscale field approaches using hydraulic-hydrological modelling approaches (i.e. SWMM, HYDRUS-1D, etc.) to understand the impact of NbS at larger scales. This project will focus predominantly on the attenuation of surface water flows (i.e. flood risk reduction), but the project may also consider the influence of SuDS on water quality, biodiversity and public amenity. The successful candidate will be based at Heriot-Watt University's Edinburgh campus and will be required to visit the NGIF in Newcastle-upon-Tyne for experimental monitoring, maintenance and data collection approximately every 2- months. There will be opportunities to collaborate with international stakeholders and partners to realise the potential of NbS within different regions/climates.