Energy Expenditure & Activity During & After Exercise-Induced Weight Loss

描述（由申请人提供）：日益增长的肥胖发病率给我们的医疗保健系统带来了巨大的负担，迫切需要提高减肥干预措施的有效性。体重管理的一个重要目标是通过增加身体活动消耗的能量（总日活动产热，TDAT）来增加每日总能量消耗（TDEE）。TDAT的两个组成部分是运动活动产热（EAT）和非运动活动产热（NEAT）。当为减肥而规定运动时，预期TDAT和总TDEE会随着EAT的增加而增加。然而，一些研究表明，即使在能量摄入没有发生变化的情况下，当EAT增加时，TDAT和TDEE的增加以及由此导致的体重减轻也比预期的要少。这增加了NEAT减少补偿EAT增加的可能性。由于无法准确地测量NEAT，这个问题还没有得到充分的解决。通过技术创新，我们现在有了精确测量NEAT的手段。人们对步行在体重调节中的作用越来越感兴趣。步行是一种有吸引力的替代有组织的耐力锻炼计划，因为它可以在较低强度下间歇性地进行，因此可以增强耐受性和坚持性。本研究的主要目的是确定TDAT和TDEE在试图通过运动减肥和维持减肥效果的肥胖者中是如何调节的。将比较两种运动干预；一个有组织的有氧运动计划和一个步行计划。EAT将得到验证，NEAT、TDAT和TDEE将使用最先进的技术进行测量。假设步行计划对TDAT和TDEE有更有利的影响。本研究的第二个目的是确定那些更好地维持TDAT和TDEE的个体是否在体重、体脂、体脂分布和代谢参数方面有更好的改善。如果我们的假设是正确的，那么这项研究的数据可以用来提高以运动为基础的减肥和减肥维持计划的有效性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The growing incidence of obesity is placing an enormous burden on our health-care system and there is an urgent need to improve the effectiveness of weight loss interventions. An important goal for weight management is to increase total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by increasing the energy expended in physical activity (total daily activity thermogenesis, TDAT). The two components of TDAT are exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT) and non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). When exercise is prescribed for weight loss, the expectation is that TDAT and total TDEE will increase by the amount of EAT. However, several studies have demonstrated that the increase in TDAT and TDEE, and consequently weight loss, is less than expected when EAT is increased, even when no changes in energy intake occur. This raises the possibility that a decrease in NEAT compensates for the increased EAT. This question has not been adequately addressed because of the inability to accurately measure NEAT. Through technological innovations, we now have the means of accurately measuring NEAT. There is growing interest in the role of walking in body weight regulation. Walking is an attractive alternative to structured endurance exercise programs because it can be performed intermittently at lower intensities & may, therefore, enhance tolerability & adherence. The primary aim of this proposed study is to determine how TDAT and TDEE are regulated in obese humans attempting to lose weight and maintain weight loss through exercise. Two exercise interventions will be compared; a structured aerobic exercise program and a walking program. EAT will be verified, and NEAT, TDAT, and TDEE will be measured using state-of-the-art technologies. It is hypothesized that the walking program will have more favorable effects on TDAT and TDEE. A secondary aim of the proposed study is to determine whether those individuals that better maintain TDAT and TDEE have better improvement in body weight, body fat, body fat distribution, and metabolic parameters. If our hypotheses are correct, then data from the proposed study could be used to improve the effectiveness of exercise-based weight loss and weight loss maintenance programs.