Epidemiological Studies of Air Pollution and Human Health in China

中国？S经济位居世界第三，增长速度是世界平均水平的三倍。随之而来的是严重且迅速增长的环境问题(室内外空气污染、水污染等)，以及生活方式(饮食、体育活动、消费品使用等)的深刻变化。中国有世界上16个城市？S有20个污染最严重的城市，浓度超过可接受的空气质量标准几个数量级，估计每年导致40万人死亡。汽车数量和行驶里程的快速增长，以及对煤炭推动工业增长的依赖，只会增加污染水平，并对健康产生更大的影响。环境的严重恶化可能会通过排放导致气候变化的温室气体和通过大规模的污染输送而对全球产生重大影响。 随着生活水平的提高和环境质量的恶化，中国和S的领导人越来越认识到和关注这些变化对健康的不利影响。耶鲁大学和中国通过福格蒂培训基金的正式合作使我们能够通过两种方式应对这一挑战：1)设计和推出一系列纵向和横断面人口研究，以评估当前环境污染水平，尤其是空气污染和生活方式对健康的影响，并预测持续恶化或潜在政策缓解健康影响的可能影响；2)培训环境健康专业人员，设计和进行研究，以评估环境和生活方式变化的影响。 目前，来自耶鲁大学公共卫生学院、中国国家环境卫生与相关产品安全研究所、中国疾病预防控制中心的科学家们已经启动了几个研究项目，目的是在中国开展以人口为基础的环境因素与健康相关性研究。目前正在进行的具体研究工作包括： “

"China?s economy ranks 3rd in the world and is growing at a rate three times the world average. Accompanying this rapid economic development are severe and rapidly growing environmental problems (outdoor and indoor air pollution, water pollution, etc.), and profound changes in life style (diet, physical activity, consumer product use, etc.). China has 16 of the world?s 20 most polluted cities, with concentrations orders of magnitude above acceptable air quality standards which contribute to an estimated 400,000 deaths/year. The rapid increase in number of automobiles, vehicle miles traveled and reliance on coal to fuel industrial growth will only increase pollution levels and have an even greater health impact. The severe environmental deterioration which can have major global impacts through emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change and through large scale transport of pollution. As the standard of living increases and the quality of the environment deteriorates there is a growing recognition and concern among China?s leaders that the adverse health effects associated with these changes has to be addressed. A formal collaboration between Yale and China through the Fogarty training grant has enable us to address this challenge in two ways: 1) design and launch a series of longitudinal and cross-sectional population studies to assess the impact of current levels of environmental pollution, particularly air pollution, and life-styles on health and to project the likely impact of either continued deterioration or effectiveness of potential policy to ease the health impact; and, 2) training environmental health professionals to design and conduct studies to assess the impact of the environmental and life-style changes. Currently, the scientists from the Yale School of Public Health (YSPH) and the Chinese National Institute for Environmental Health & Related Product Safety (IEHS), Chinese Centers for Disease Prevention and Controls (Chinese CDCs) have initiated several research projects with the purpose to undertake population-based studies of the association between environmental factors and health in China. Specific efforts currently underway in research include: "