European Television Representations of Islam as Security Threat: A Comparative Analysis

该项目的性质和背景这个为期三年的项目提供了第一个跨国研究伊斯兰教作为安全威胁的电视表现。它考察了三个国家（英国、法国和俄罗斯），这些国家在与伊斯兰国家的后殖民关系、常驻穆斯林人口以及对“反恐战争”的关注方面有相似之处，但也表现出媒体和政治文化、国际联盟和政策的差异对穆斯林少数群体。理论与方法本研究结合了媒体/文化和政治研究的见解。(i)任何多元的政治文化都受制于意识形态的竞争，争夺政治语言和公共政策的主导权。为了比较这三个国家的伊斯兰教/安全问题框架所依据的政治/社会价值观和假设，该项目借鉴了意识形态理论化的最新进展，这些意识形态是独特的、不断演变的概念配置，可以通过家族相似性进行分组，但也可以根据每个群体内的局部变化进行分析。(ii)关于政治传播（政治与媒体的界面）的学术文献提供了工具，用以分析通过编辑选择（包括/排除、运行顺序、持续时间和突出性）塑造伊斯兰/安全问题表述的意识形态和技术因素之间的交叉点，以及记者的新闻价值观和新闻采集做法，与所涉新闻机构的结构和资源有关。(iii)分析媒体如何传播意识形态色彩的问题的理解，需要注意的话语敏感，语言，合法性和权力之间的关系的媒体研究模型的光的言语层面。这将有助于审查关于伊斯兰/安全问题的不同“声音”如何被吸收到广播的话语结构中。(iv)由于广播公司选择的视觉效果对反映伊斯兰/安全关切至关重要，因此，除了文字/图像相互作用模式之外，还将采用屏幕媒体特定代码的方法来补充文字方法，文字/图像相互作用模式构成电视信息的结构。该项目将（一）区分法国、英国和俄罗斯电视对“反恐战争”的伊斯兰方面的表述;（二）研究安全问题如何与移民和融合问题联系在一起;（三）分析“反恐战争”与民族认同主张之间的关系;（四）比较构成一个关键问题框架的意识形态体系;（v）将意识形态政治理论的最新发展与媒体表征的文化研究方法相结合，提出一种方法论综合。具体而言，它将研究各自的广播在“反恐战争”展开的“地缘政治空间”中将其官方声音所表达的国家定位在何处。它将建立“恐怖分子”，“少数民族”和“穆斯林原教旨主义者”的形象是如何产生和联系在不同的代表性制度，以及他们如何反映历史和当前的关系与伊斯兰文化。执行和应用数据来源是三个主要公共频道的新闻广播。建议者带来了互补的专门知识，不仅在他们的学科方法，而且在他们的研究相关领域的经验和他们的社会调查的知识，包括在相关语言的能力。他们的工作将得到两名研究干事的支持，他们将以法英和俄英双语工作，以监测和帮助分析广播，并促进传播调查结果。这些出版物将促进人们对当前欧洲所面临的威胁的政治/文化含义的理解。

Nature and context of the projectThis three-year project offers the first cross-national study of televisual representations of Islam as security threat. It examines three countries (Britain, France and Russia) which share similarities in their postcolonial relations with Islamic states, resident Muslim populations, and concern with the 'war on terror', but also exhibit differences of media and political cultures, international alignments, and policy towards Muslim minorities. Theory and methodThe study combines insights from media/cultural and political research. (i) Any pluralistic political culture is subject to ideological competition for domination of political language and public policy. To compare the political/social values and assumptions underpinning the framing of the Islam/security issue in each of the three countries, the project draws on recent advances in the theorisation of ideologies as distinctive, evolving configurations of concepts which can be grouped by family resemblance but also analysed in terms of local variation within each group.(ii) Academic literature on political communication (the interface of politics and the media) provides tools to analyse the intersection between ideological and technical factors shaping representations of the Islam/security issue through editorial choices (of inclusion/exclusion, running order, duration and salience), alongside journalists' news values and news-gathering practices, in relation to the structures and resources of the news organizations involved. (iii) Analysis of how the media communicate ideologically coloured understandings of the issue requires attention to the verbal dimension in the light of discourse-sensitive, media studies models of the relationship between language, legitimacy and power. This will enable scrutiny of how different 'voices' on the subject of Islam/security are assimilated into the broadcasts' discursive structure. (iv) Since the visual impact of broadcasters' choices is essential to the representation of Islamic/security concerns, text-based approaches will be complemented by those dealing with screen media-specific codes, alongside models of the word/image interplay which structures TV messages. ObjectivesThe project will (i) differentiate French, British and Russian television representations of the Islamic dimension to the 'War on Terror'; (ii) examine how security issues link with immigration and integration questions; (iii) analyse the relationship between the 'War on Terror' and the assertion of national identities; (iv) compare the ideological systems underlying the framing of a key issue; (v) set out a methodological synthesis combining recent developments in political theory of ideology with cultural studies approaches to media representations.Specifically, it will examine where the respective broadcasts position the nations whose official voices they articulate within the 'geopolitical space' in which the 'War on Terror' is unfolding. It will establish how images of 'terrorists', 'ethnic minorities' and 'Muslim Fundamentalists' are produced and linked within the different representational regimes and how they reflect historical and current relationships with Islamic cultures. Execution and applicationsThe data sources are news broadcasts on the three principal public channels. The proposers bring complementary expertise, not only in their disciplinary approaches, but also in their experience of researching related fields and their knowledge of the societies under investigation, including competence in the relevant languages. Their work will be supported by two research officers, operating bilingually in French-English and Russian-English, to monitor, and help analyse, the broadcasts, and to contribute to the dissemination of findings. The publications will promote understanding of the political/cultural construction of meanings attributed to a threat currently preoccupying Europe.