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Reframing Russia for the Global Mediasphere: From Cold War to 'Information War'?

为全球媒体圈重塑俄罗斯：从冷战到“信息战”？

基本信息

批准号：
AH/P00508X/1
负责人：
Stephen Hutchings
金额：
$ 91.7万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP00508X%2F1
关键词：
Reframing Russia Global Mediasphere Cold

项目摘要

The projection of national identities and interests on the global stage is being radically reconfigured by the twin consequences of post-Cold War geopolitical dynamics and transformations in the global news media landscape. The arrival of new players like Russia Today (RT) is altering the international media ecology. RT is Russia's primary international broadcaster with a reputation for being a mouthpiece of Putin's regime but the reality is more complex. The mediatization of political conflicts, or the myriad ways in which media like RT not only represent but also intervene and shape conflicts, have significant consequences for peace and security. The proposed research is the first in-depth, comprehensive study of the role of RT in projecting Russia for international audiences. It will be carried out by a multi-disciplinary team of specialists in Russian culture, history, politics as well as experts in media, security and computational linguistics. The contemporary Russian security-media nexus bears a complex relationship to the history of the Cold War and to Russia's imperial past but it is poorly researched. Contemporary work on RT has hitherto lacked detailed empirical analysis tied to a robust theoretical framework. It has failed to account for the complexities of current relationships between RT and its very diverse audiences. Understanding the significance of RT in the evolving East-West 'information war' is both urgent and necessary to improving international understanding, informed citizenship and finding diplomatic solutions to seemingly intractable conflicts. This project illuminates the processes by which RT not only reconfigures publics and audiences, but also furnishes the very conditions for unprecedented modes of international mistrust, conflict and insecurity. In integrating historical, discourse analyses, audience and social media research in an innovative methodological framework, we test hypotheses drawn from our pilot research that challenge conventional thinking and presumptions about RT and really get to grips with RT's recalibration of Russia's public image for international audiences and its blurring of distinctions between public diplomacy and propaganda. We address the following core themes and questions: 1) Narration: how do RT's narratives of Russian nationhood, and its narrational strategies echo and transform those of the Soviet/imperial past?2) Legitimation: how are state agendas legitimated? 3) Adaptation: how are domestic news narratives adapted for RT's international audiences?4) Identities: how are 'grammars of identity' and othering represented in RT's outputs and with what implications for exacerbating an 'information war' and amplifying securitisation processes?5) Engagement: how do audiences and users engage with RT's broadcast news and social media content?We research the above processes through case studies of three kinds of 'media events': (1) pre-planned Russian media-state collaborations; (2) on-going political conflicts; (3) unexpected, disruptive security-related events.Outputs include a co-authored monograph and reports for research users (Conference of International Broadcasting Audience Researchers (CIBAR), the US Broadcasting Board of Governors, the BBC World Service, CCNI, Al-Jazeera, France Medias Monde, Deutsche Welle, the UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Chatham House and BBC Monitoring). We will bring journalists, policy makers and academics into dialogue via a major conference and workshops, demonstrating the significance of Arts and Humanities research for studying the relationship between media, identity and international security.

冷战后地缘政治动态和全球新闻媒体格局变化的双重后果，正在从根本上改变国家特性和利益在全球舞台上的投射。像《今日俄罗斯》(RT)这样的新玩家的到来正在改变国际媒体生态。RT是俄罗斯主要的国际广播公司，以普京政权的喉舌而闻名，但现实要复杂得多。政治冲突的调停，或者像RT这样的媒体以各种方式不仅代表冲突，而且干预和塑造冲突，都对和平与安全产生了重大后果。这项拟议中的研究是第一次深入、全面地研究RT在向国际观众投射俄罗斯方面所起的作用。它将由一个由俄罗斯文化、历史、政治以及媒体、安全和计算语言学专家组成的多学科团队进行。当代俄罗斯安全与媒体的关系与冷战历史和俄罗斯帝国的过去有着复杂的关系，但人们对此研究甚少。到目前为止，关于RT的当代工作缺乏与强大的理论框架相联系的详细的实证分析。它没有考虑到RT与其非常不同的受众之间当前关系的复杂性。了解RT在不断演变的东西方‘信息战’中的重要性，对于增进国际理解、知情公民身份和寻找外交解决看似棘手的冲突来说，既是迫切的，也是必要的。这一项目阐明了RT不仅改变了公众和受众的结构，而且也为前所未有的国际不信任、冲突和不安全模式提供了条件。通过将历史、话语分析、受众和社交媒体研究整合到一个创新的方法框架中，我们检验了来自我们的初步研究的假设，这些假设挑战了关于RT的传统思维和假设，并真正抓住了RT对国际受众的公共形象的重新校准，以及它模糊了公共外交和宣传之间的区别。我们解决了以下核心主题和问题：1)叙事：RT对俄罗斯民族身份的叙事是如何，它的叙事策略呼应并改变了苏联/帝国的策略吗？2)合法化：国家议程是如何合法化的？3)改编：国内新闻叙事如何适应RT的国际受众？4)身份：“身份语法”和其他东西是如何在RT的输出中表现出来的，以及对加剧“信息战”和放大证券化进程有什么影响？5)参与：受众和用户如何参与RT的广播新闻和社交媒体内容？我们通过对三种“媒体事件”的案例研究来研究上述过程：(1)预先计划的俄罗斯媒体-国家合作；(2)持续的政治冲突；(3)意外的、破坏性的安全相关事件。输出包括一本共同撰写的专著和研究用户报告(国际广播受众研究会议(Cibar)、美国广播理事会、BBC世界服务、CCNI、半岛电视台、法国媒体世界、德国之声、英国外交和联邦事务部、查塔姆之家和BBC监测)。我们将通过大型会议和研讨会让记者、政策制定者和学者进行对话，展示艺术和人文研究对于研究媒体、身份和国际安全之间的关系的重要性。