MILK SUPPLEMENTATION AND PEDIATRIC METABOLIC SYNDROME

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 在过去的几十年里，面临超重和肥胖风险的儿童数量有所增加。正如在成人中观察到的那样，儿童超重和肥胖与疾病风险增加和生活质量下降有关。超重儿童中有很高比例的人患有胰岛素抵抗，并患有高血压和血脂异常。有证据表明，生命早期的这些情况可以延续到成年，并在以后的生活中容易患上心血管疾病。因此，预防儿童超重和体重过度增加，以限制代谢异常的发展是非常重要的。 最近，高乳制品和钙的摄入量与成年人的体重较低有关。此外，一些研究表明，高钙摄入量可以降低血压，或许还可以降低血糖水平。因此，食用乳制品可能直接或间接地通过影响体重来预防代谢紊乱。 在拟议的研究计划中，我们打算招募同时患有胰岛素抵抗的超重儿童。这项研究中的儿童通常每天喝一份牛奶。然而，在为期16周的研究期间，一半的儿童将被要求用4份牛奶、1份风味低脂和3份脱脂牛奶取代他们每天喝的所有卡路里饮料。另一半儿童将被要求用一份脱脂牛奶和三份水果饮料取代他们所有的日常热量饮料。孩子们的体重、身高、腰围和臀围将在研究开始和结束时进行测量。他们的身体成分也将通过磁共振成像(MRI)进行测量，并将在时间点进行口服葡萄糖耐量测试(OGTT)。此外，在开始和第4、8、12和16周将采集血样来测量血糖、胰岛素、血脂、瘦素和血压，并将进行生物电阻抗分析(BIA)测试以评估身体脂肪百分比和脱脂质量。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The number of children at risk for overweight and obese has increased in the past decades. As observed in adults, overweight and obesity in children are associated with increased risk of diseases and decreased quality of life. A high proportion of overweight children is insulin resistant and has elevated blood pressure and abnormal lipid concentrations. There is evidence that these conditions early in life can extend into adulthood and predispose to cardiovascular disease later in life. It is thus highly important to prevent overweight and inordinate weight gain in children to restrict the development of metabolic abnormalities. High dairy and calcium consumption have recently been linked to lower body weight in adults. In addition, some research has shown that a high calcium intake can reduce blood pressure and also perhaps blood glucose levels. Therefore, dairy consumption may be preventive against metabolic disorders directly, and indirectly via effects on body weight. In the proposed research plan, we intend to recruit overweight children who are also insulin resistant. Children included in this study will typically consume one serving of milk per day. However, during the 16 week study period, half of the children will be asked to replace all of their daily caloric beverages with 4 servings of milk, one flavored low-fat and 3 plain skim. The other half of the children will be asked to replace all of their daily caloric beverages with one serving of plain skim milk and 3 servings of fruit drink. The children's body weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences will be measured at the beginning and at the end of the study. Their body composition will also be measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) will be done at the time points. Also, at the beginning and at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16 blood samples will be taken to measure glucose, insulin, lipids, leptin, and blood pressure will be measured and a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) test will be done to assess percent body fat and fat-free mass.