Fisher Speak: Variation and Change in the Lexis of Scottish Fishing Communities

到2050年，苏格兰渔业社区极具特色的方言将所剩无几。尽管这个过程将是戏剧性的，但从本质上讲，这些社区正在发生的事情是一种语言死亡的形式。费舍尔说：苏格兰渔业社区词汇的变异和变化将尽可能地记录和保留这种多样性，深入分析这些社区使用的词汇在过去以及最重要的是现在发生了变化的方式。它将编目一种深深植根于所研究社区的历史和文化中的濒临死亡的生活方式是如何影响当地语言的，以及它即将消失的语言方式如何已经为人所知。为了提供仍然具有代表性的沿海社区的可行样本，将对主要捕鱼中心和较小的定居点进行调查。Eyemouse(Berwickshire)、East Neuk of Fife(特别是Ananalyther)、Peterhead(Aberdeenshire)、Lasiemouse and Hopeman(Moray)和Wick(Caithness)的词汇用法将从历时和共时的深度来考虑。在过去的36个月里，Fisher Speech将由首席调查员Robert McColl Millar和一名研究助理(待任命)进行。它将涉及到与最有成就的说话者就每个地区丢失的词汇进行互动，并招募不同年龄和性别的说话者进行试点和主要研究。所有年龄段的人都将特别注意现在和过去在渔业工作对特定词汇的被动和主动知识的影响程度。同时，两个项目成员将收集和分析有关方言的先前讨论和例证，无论是地方、区域还是国家方言，无论是书面的还是录音的。这将为所研究的方言产生一个广泛而深刻的历史语料库。将开发研究词汇变异和变化/以前没有语音或句法变化那么全面涵盖的新方法，从Macafee在研究格拉斯哥东端传统方言词汇磨损时使用的基于问卷的方言传统和区域英语调查(Sure)小组不断发展的思维导图技术中获得见解。将特别注意比较实时变化和表观时间变化所造成的问题，注意与渔业和海上生活有关的词语和短语之间的变化率的潜在差异(包括在北海世界非常常见的禁忌语言)和没有这种联系的当地方言词语和短语。尽管调查问卷不可避免地会因地而异，但我们会谨慎行事，并会征求当地专家的意见，以达到尽可能高的巧合程度。该项目将出版两本书：一本是一本学术专著，论述词汇随时间和地点的变化的性质，以及与评估这种性质的方法发展相关的问题；另一本是关于苏格兰费舍尔方言及其词汇的著作，旨在面向更广泛的读者。这两个项目成员还将为英国和海外的读者撰写同行评议的期刊文章。然而，重要的是该项目的社区推广计划。尽管收集的语料库的元素将存放在苏格兰和其他地方的中央档案馆，但也计划与渔业社区、其组织、博物馆和文化中心就收集的材料进行大量互动。

By 2050, little will remain of the highly distinctive dialects of the Scottish fishing communities. Although the process will be dramatic, in essence what is happening in these communities is a form of language death. Fisher speak: variation and change in the lexis of Scottish fishing communities will record and preserve as much as possible of this diversity, providing an in-depth analysis of the ways in which the vocabulary employed in these communities has changed in the past and, most vitally, in the present. It will catalogue the ways in which a dying way of life, heavily embedded in the history and culture of the neighbourhoods studied, affected the local language and the linguistic ways in which its coming absence are already making themselves known. In order to provide a workable sample of coastal communities which is still representative, both major fishing centres and smaller settlements will be surveyed. The lexical use of Eyemouth (Berwickshire), the East Neuk of Fife (in particular, Anstruther), Peterhead (Aberdeenshire), Lossiemouth and Hopeman (Moray) and Wick (Caithness) will be considered in diachronic and synchronic depth.Lasting thirty-six months, Fisher speak will be carried out by the Principal Investigator, Robert McColl Millar, and a Research Assistant (to be appointed). It will involve interaction with the most accomplished speakers over what lexis is being lost in each locale, and recruitment of speakers across the age and gender spectrum for both pilot and main studies. Particular attention will be paid at all age levels to the extent to which present and past employment in the fishing trade affects both passive and active knowledge of particular lexical items. At the same time, both project members will assemble and analyse prior discussions and exemplifications of the dialects in question, whether local, regional or national, whether written or recorded. This will produce a broad and deep historical corpus for the dialects studied.New methodologies for studying lexical variation and change / previously not as fully covered as phonological or syntactic change / will be developed, deriving insights from both the questionnaire-based dialectological tradition, as used by Macafee in her study of traditional dialect lexical attrition in the East End of Glasgow, and the developing Mind-Mapping techniques of the Survey of Regional English (SURE) group. Particular attention will be given to the problems caused by the comparison of change in real time and change in apparent time, to potential differences in rates of change between words and phrases associated with the fishing trade and the seaborne life (including the tabu-avoidance language so common in the North Sea world) and local dialect words and phrases with no such association. Although the questionnaire will inevitably alter from place to place, care will be taken / and 'native experts' will be consulted / to achieve as high a degree of coincidence as possible.The project will result in the production of two books: a scholarly monograph dealing with the nature of lexical variation and change over place and time and the problems associated with the development of methodologies to assess this nature, and a work on the fisher dialects of Scotland and their lexis intended for a wider audience. Both project members will also produce peer-reviewed journal articles for audiences in the UK and overseas.As important, however, will be the community outreach plans for the project. Although elements of the corpus collected will be placed in central archives in Scotland and elsewhere, considerable interaction with the fishing communities, their organisation, museums and cultural centres over collected materials is also planned.