Before Auschwitz: Irène Némirovsky and the Cultural Landscape of Inter-war France

研究背景：自从2004年《法兰西舞曲》在法国出版并于2006年翻译成英文以来，媒体对纳姆萨米罗夫斯基产生了巨大的兴趣，这部小说也成为了国际畅销书。这种受欢迎的成功伴随着一些学术关注，以两本传记的形式出现，一本最初出版于2005年，另一本即将出版。目前正在对《法兰西舞曲组曲》的手稿进行一些研究，未来的学术兴趣很可能会集中在这篇文章上，因为目前在占领时期的法国研究中，研究活动比在两次世界大战期间的研究活动更多。作为一名研究20世纪30年代法国女性写作的专家，我将具体而相关的专业知识带入了对纳姆米罗夫斯基作品的分析中，我最近在这一领域出版了两本书，并发表了一篇专门研究纳姆米罗夫斯基两次世界大战之间小说的文章。除了《法兰西组曲》出版之前的几篇文章外，对纳姆萨米洛夫斯基在两次世界大战之间的小说的学术批评很少。在国际上对纳姆米罗夫斯基的新兴趣的背景下，在没有对她的作品进行详细的文学分析的情况下，无论是法语还是英语，这是一个评估纳姆米罗夫斯基文学作品整体的好时机。她的作品将为英国读者所熟知，今年她还计划出版更多的小说译本。“法语套件”已经开始在本科课程中教授。目的和目的：本研究的主要目的是提供一个学术和反思性的分析，他的作品在新闻界被广泛讨论，但到目前为止还没有在学术背景下，并将“法国歌曲套曲”与纳姆米罗夫斯基的战争间小说联系起来。它旨在研究社会、文学和政治因素在界定纳姆米罗夫斯基作品的发展过程中所起的作用。虽然不可避免的是，现代观念将被她最后一部作品的巨大受欢迎程度所影响，但这项研究的目的是将文本重新插入其适当的时间背景中，作为成功文学生涯的高潮，而不是作为死后声誉的起点。因此，本研究的目的将是：a)发现纳姆西米罗夫斯基的小说是如何在20世纪30年代的法国如此受欢迎的；b)调查评论家如何接受她的作品，以及他们如何将其与20世纪30年代现代小说的重要发展联系起来，并探讨纳姆米罗夫斯基与右翼反犹太主义期刊的密切联系以及她的文本中存在的反犹太主义刻板印象的政治含义；c)以纳姆米罗夫斯基为例，考察20世纪30年代法俄文化交流的性质；d)质疑当代对“法国犹太小说”存在和发展可能性的理解；e)解释21世纪法国和英国对纳姆米罗夫斯基的反应。应用和好处：鉴于目前英国人对纳姆米罗夫斯基作品的兴趣程度，我预计我因这项工作而签约出版的这本书将在普通读者、本科生和研究生以及人文学科研究团体中找到广泛的读者。鉴于《纳姆米罗夫斯基》目前的畅销书地位，该项目提供了讲座或讨论小组等知识转移活动的可能性。这项研究将回应普通读者对第一次和第二次世界大战的历史和文化的持续高度兴趣。它将为广大读者提供一条便捷而严谨的途径来研究两次世界大战之间的文化，同时也将激发对纳姆米罗夫斯基作品及其所引发的政治和文学问题的进一步研究。

Context of research:Since the publication of 'Suite française' in France in 2004 and in English translation in 2006, there has been enormous media interest in Némirovsky, and the novel has become an international best-seller. This popular success has been accompanied by some scholarly attention, in the form of two biographies, one originally published in 2005 and one forthcoming. Some research is currently being carried out on the manuscript of 'Suite française', and it is likely that future scholarly interest will focus on this text, as there is currently more research activity in French Studies on the Occupation period than on the inter-war period. I bring specific and relevant expertise to the analysis of Némirovsky's oeuvre as a specialist in 1930s French women's writing, having recently published two books in this area, as well as an article devoted to Némirovsky's inter-war fiction. There is very little existing scholarly criticism on Némirovsky's inter-war novels, other than a handful of articles which predate the publication of 'Suite française'. In the context of the new international interest in Némirovsky, and in the absence of a detailed literary analysis of her work in either French or English, this is an opportune moment to evaluate Némirovsky's literary output in its entirety. Her work is set to become ever more well-known to English readers, as there are plans to publish further novels in translation this year. 'Suite française' is already beginning to be taught within the undergraduate curriculum. Aims and objectives:The main aims of this research are to supply a scholarly and reflective analysis of an author whose work has been extensively discussed in the press but not so far in academic contexts, and to situate 'Suite française' in relation to Némirovsky's inter-war fiction. It aims to examine the ways in which social, literary and political considerations came into play to define the development of Némirovsky's oeuvre. Whilst it is inevitable that modern perceptions will be coloured by the enormous popularity of her last work, this research aims to reinsert the text into its proper chronological context, as the culmination of a successful literary career rather than as the starting point of a posthumous reputation. The objectives of this research will therefore be: a) to discover how it was that Némirovsky's fiction gained such popularity in 1930s France; b) to investigate how critics received her work and how they related it to important developments in the modern novel in the 1930s, and to address the political implications of Némirovsky's close associations with right-wing anti-Semitic journals and the presence of anti-Semitics stereotypes in her texts; c) to use the example of Némirovsky to investigate the nature of French-Russian cultural exchange in the 1930s; d) to interrogate contemporary understanding of the possibilities for the existence and development of 'the French Jewish novel'; e) to interpret 21st century responses to Némirovsky in France and Britain. Applications and benefits:Given the current level of interest in Némirovsky's work in Britain, I anticipate that the book I am contracted to publish as a result of this work will find a wide readership amongst general readers as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students and the research community in the Humanities. Given Némirovsky's current status as a best-seller, the project offers possibilities for knowledge transfer activities such as lectures or discussion groups. The research will respond to an ongoing high level of interest amongst general readers in the history and culture of both the First and the Second World Wars. It will provide an accessible but rigorous route into the study of inter-war culture for a range of readers, as well as stimulating further research into Némirovsky's work andthe political and literary issues it raises.