Social Aggression: Growth and Outcomes

在青春期参与社会攻击并成为其受害者， 精神病理学的发展，并与新出现的反社会行为有关。了解发展 社会攻击的后果可能会澄清性别在新兴精神障碍中的作用，因为 女孩参与更多的社会比身体侵略和社会侵略可能有助于 女孩和妇女基础发病率较高的疾病（抑郁症、饮食失调和 边缘型人格特征，Crick等人，1999，Crick和Zahn-Waxler，2003）。社交攻击伤害同伴 通过破坏友谊或社会地位，包括社会排斥（口头或非口头）等行为， 恶意的流言蜚语，和友谊操纵（凯恩斯，凯恩斯，Neckerman，Gest，& Garibrant，1989; Galen &安德伍德，1997;安德伍德，2003）。这项调查研究了社会和 通过青少年后期的身体攻击，探索成长，变化，以及从事和 成为社会和身体攻击的受害者，在这个年龄段，社会攻击很少被 学习（14 - 18岁）。这一竞争性延续申请建议遵循相同的样本， 从9岁起就在以前的项目中被研究（<$Social Aggression：Precursors and Outcomes <$，2 R 01 MH063076-06）。为了最全面地了解社会攻击，本研究将包括 参与社会攻击和成为社会攻击的受害者的措施。这一阶段的一个重要创新是， 纵向研究将仔细评估在线交流中的社会攻击性， 青少年手持设备和记录和编码的内容和社会进程，他们的即时 消息、文本消息和电子邮件通信。 这项调查将使用多种方法来衡量不同背景下的社会攻击性（编码 在线交流和短信，通过电话采访自我报告，朋友报告，父母 报告，以及教师和活动领导人的报告），以审查社会和 身体侵略的总样本，以及检查是否个人遵循不同类型的 参与和成为社会攻击的受害者的轨迹。这项研究将探讨如何增长和 社会攻击性的变化与精神病理学和反社会行为的出现有关。 要充分理解两性的发展心理病理学，需要认真研究 参与和经历社会侵略。本研究将探讨发展的前兆， 青少年精神病理学，长期目标是确定减少社会攻击是否可能 有助于预防外化症状、内化问题、人格障碍和饮食 紊乱

Engaging in and being victimized by social aggression during adolescence confers risk for the development of psychopathology and relates to emerging antisocial behavior. Understanding the development and consequences of social aggression may clarify the role of gender in emerging mental disorders, because girls engage in more social than physical aggression and social aggression might contribute to the development of disorders for which girls and women have higher base rates (depression, eating disorders, and borderline personality features, Crick et al., 1999, Crick & Zahn-Waxler, 2003). Social aggression harms peers by damaging friendships or social status, and includes behaviors such as social exclusion (verbal or nonverbal), malicious gossip, and friendship manipulation (Cairns, Cairns, Neckerman, Gest, & Gariepy, 1989; Galen & Underwood, 1997; Underwood, 2003). This investigation examines the development of social and physical aggression through late adolescence, to explore the growth, change, and sequelae of engaging in and being the victim of social and physical aggression for an age range in which social aggression has rarely been studied (ages 14 ¿ 18). This competing continuation application proposes to follow the same sample that has been studied since age 9 in the previous project (¿Social Aggression: Precursors and Outcomes¿, 2 R01 MH063076-06). For the most complete understanding of social aggression, this research will include measures of engaging in and being victimized by social aggression. An important innovation of this phase of the longitudinal study will be careful assessment of social aggression in online communication by providing adolescents with handheld devices and recording and coding the content and social processes of their Instant Messaging, text messaging, and email communication. This investigation will use multiple methods to measure social aggression in different contexts (coding of online communication and text messaging, self-reports via telephone interviews, friend reports, parent reports, and teacher and activity leader reports) to examine growth and change in mean levels of social and physical aggression for the total sample, as well as to examine whether individuals follow different types of trajectories for engaging and being the victim of social aggression. This research will examine how growth and change in social aggression relates to the emergence of psychopathology and antisocial behavior. Fully understanding developmental psychopathology for both genders demands serious investigation of engaging in and experiencing social aggression. This study will explore developmental precursors of adolescent psychopathology, with the long-term goal of determining whether reducing social aggression might be helpful in preventing externalizing symptoms, internalizing problems, personality disorders, and eating disorders.