Social Aggression: Growth and Outcomes

社会攻击：成长和结果

• 批准号: 7807064
• 负责人: Marion K. Underwood
• 金额: $ 56.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS DALLAS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-01 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7807064
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Age; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Anxiety; Appearance; Behavior; Borderline Personality Disorder; Chronic; Code; Communication; Communications Media; Development; Devices; Disease; Eating Disorders; Electronic Mail; Electronics; Exclusion; Frequencies; Friends; Friendships; Future; Gender; Gender Role; Goals; Growth; Guide prevention; Individual; Investigation; Jealousy; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methods; Outcome; Parents; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Disorders; Persons; Phase; Physical aggression; Policies; Preventive Intervention; Psychopathology; Reporting; Research; Risk; Rosa; Sampling; Self Concept; Sex Characteristics; Social Development; Social status; Subgroup; Symptoms; Telephone Interviews; Text; Time; Victimization; Walkers; Woman; Wood material; age group; anti social; base; boys; depressive symptoms; experience; girls; improved; innovation; intimate behavior; peer; prevent; psychologic; public health relevance; social; teacher; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Engaging in and being victimized by social aggression during adolescence confers risk for emerging psychopathology and antisocial behavior. Understanding the development and consequences of social aggression may clarify the role of gender in emerging mental disorders, because girls engage in more social than physical aggression and social aggression might contribute to disorders for which girls and women have higher base rates (depression, eating disorders, and borderline personality features, Crick et al., 1999, Crick & Zahn-Waxler, 2003). Social aggression harms peers by damaging friendships or social status, and includes behaviors such as social exclusion (verbal or non-verbal), malicious gossip, and friendship manipulation (Cairns, Cairns, Neckerman, Gest, & Gariepy, 1989; Galen & Underwood, 1997; Underwood, 2003). This investigation examines the development of social and physical aggression through late adolescence, to explore the growth, change, and sequelae of engaging in and being the victim of social and physical aggression for an age range in which social aggression has rarely been studied (14 - 18). This competing continuation application proposes to follow the same sample that has been studied since age 9 in the previous project ("Social Aggression: Precursors and Outcomes", 2 R01 MH063076-06). For the most complete understanding of social aggression, this research will include measures of engaging in and being victimized by social aggression. This research will employ both variable-based and person-based analyses, to examine whether social aggression might be typical adolescent behavior at low levels, but contribute to psychopathology for those who perpetrate social aggression with high frequency and for chronic victims. An important innovation of this phase of the longitudinal study will be careful assessment of social aggression in online communication by providing adolescents with handheld devices and recording and coding the content of their text messaging, Instant Messaging, and email communication. Analyzing how adolescents actually communicate online will illuminate how they use social aggression in this context, but will also provide "a window into the secret world of adolescent peer culture" (Greenfield & Yan, 2006, p. 392). With the multiple measures of adjustment included here, the proposed research can examine carefully how the frequency and content of adolescents' online communication relates to their well-being. This investigation will use multiple methods to measure social aggression (coding of online communication and text messaging, self-reports via telephone interviews, friend reports, parent reports, and teacher and activity leader reports) to examine growth and change in mean levels of social and physical aggression for the total sample, as well as to examine whether individuals follow different types of trajectories for engaging and being the victim of social aggression. This research will examine how growth and change in social aggression relate to the emergence of psychopathology and antisocial behavior in late adolescence. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will guide prevention and intervention efforts by identifying specific factors related to growth and change in social aggression, and by clarifying whether social aggression might be normative adolescent behavior at low levels of frequency and intensity, but still predictive of psychopathology for those who frequently perpetrate social aggression or who are chronic victims. This study will explore social aggression as a developmental precursor of adolescent psychopathology, with the long-term goal of determining whether intervening to prevent or reduce social aggression might be helpful in preventing externalizing problems, internalizing symptoms, personality disorders, and eating disorders. This study will also be the first large-scale, longitudinal investigation to examine the actual content of adolescents' online communication and the extent to which they engage in social aggression as well as other forms of communication with peers, parents, romantic partners, and even strangers; thus, these results could guide policy decisions about adolescents' access to electronic tools and online communication.

描述（由申请人提供）：青春期参与社会攻击并成为其受害者会带来出现精神病理学和反社会行为的风险。了解社会攻击的发展和后果可能会澄清性别在新出现的精神障碍中的作用，因为女孩参与的社会攻击比身体攻击更多，而社会攻击可能会导致女孩和妇女的基础发病率较高的疾病（抑郁、饮食失调和边缘性人格特征，Crick et al., 1999；Crick & Zahn-Waxler, 2003）。社会攻击通过损害友谊或社会地位来伤害同伴，包括社会排斥（言语或非言语）、恶意八卦和友谊操纵等行为（Cairns、Cairns、Neckerman、Gest 和 Gariepy，1989；Galen 和 Underwood，1997；Underwood，2003）。本调查考察了青春期后期社会和身体攻击行为的发展，探讨在社会攻击行为很少被研究的年龄段（14 - 18 岁）参与社会和身体攻击行为以及成为社会和身体攻击行为受害者的成长、变化和后遗症。此竞争性延续申请建议遵循上一个项目（“社会攻击：前兆和结果”，2 R01 MH063076-06）中自 9 岁以来研究的相同样本。为了最全面地理解社会攻击，这项研究将包括参与社会攻击和成为社会攻击受害者的措施。这项研究将采用基于变量和基于个人的分析，以检验社会攻击是否可能是低水平的典型青少年行为，但有助于对那些频繁实施社会攻击的人和长期受害者的精神病理学做出贡献。这一阶段纵向研究的一个重要创新将是通过为青少年提供手持设备并记录和编码他们的短信、即时消息和电子邮件通信的内容来仔细评估在线通信中的社会攻击行为。分析青少年实际上如何在线交流将阐明他们在这种情况下如何使用社交攻击，但也将提供“一扇了解青少年同伴文化秘密世界的窗口”（Greenfield & Yan，2006，第 392 页）。通过此处包含的多种调整措施，拟议的研究可以仔细研究青少年在线交流的频率和内容与他们的幸福感之间的关系。这项调查将使用多种方法来衡量社会攻击性（在线交流和短信编码、通过电话访谈进行的自我报告、朋友报告、家长报告以及教师和活动领导者报告），以检查整个样本的社会和身体攻击性平均水平的增长和变化，并检查个人是否遵循不同类型的参与和成为社会攻击受害者的轨迹。这项研究将探讨社会攻击行为的增长和变化与青春期后期精神病理学和反社会行为的出现有何关系。公共卫生相关性：这项研究将通过确定与社会攻击行为的增长和变化相关的具体因素，并澄清社会攻击行为是否可能是低频率和低强度的青少年规范行为，来指导预防和干预工作，但仍然可以预测那些经常实施社会攻击或长期受害者的精神病理学。本研究将探讨社会攻击作为青少年精神病理学发展的先兆，长期目标是确定预防或减少社会攻击的干预是​​否有助于预防外化问题、内化症状、人格障碍和饮食失调。这项研究也将是第一项大规模纵向调查，旨在检验青少年在线交流的实际内容、他们进行社交攻击的程度以及与同龄人、父母、浪漫伴侣甚至陌生人的其他形式的交流；因此，这些结果可以指导有关青少年使用电子工具和在线交流的政策决策。