Pig genome annotation and analysis

我们建议提供由国际猪基因组测序计划产生的猪基因组序列的最新分析和注释。我们将通过http://www.ensembl.org的Ensambl网站在网上提供带注释的基因组序列。猪的基因组是猪的整个DNA序列，它定义了组成猪的所有生物分子。通过获取、管理和注释猪基因组序列，可以加速猪生物学和哺乳动物生物学的研究。对猪生物学的影响：由于在驯养过程中发生了广泛的选择性繁殖，因此有相当数量的品种或品系特定的特征，从脂肪/肌肉比例、产仔数到皮肤颜色。这些特征可以遗传地映射到基因组的广泛区域，但最终确定负责的基因和造成遗传变异的原因是非常复杂的。如果猪的基因组序列具有与其他数据来源的链接，特别是与生长、屠体组成或对传染病的反应等表型相关的数据来源的链接，将极大地促进这些致病基因的识别。对人类生物学的影响：与所有哺乳动物一样，猪的基因组最近与人类谱系发生了分化。这使我们能够在基因组中寻找进化的影响。在比较基因组序列时，相似之处和不同之处都能提供信息。在多个物种中保守的序列可能代表必要的编码或调控序列。不同物种的序列不同，并显示出快速进化变化的证据，可能是物种生存的重要决定因素，包括生殖适合性和应对传染病的能力。因此，我们将进行的比较基因组序列分析将帮助我们了解哺乳动物--因此也包括人类--生物学，包括疾病过程。

We propose to provide state of the art analysis and annotation of the pig genome sequence being generated by the International Pig Genome Sequencing Project. We will make the annotated genome sequence accessible on the Web through the Ensembl site at http://www.ensembl.org . The pig genome is the entire DNA sequence of the pig which defines all the biological molecules that make up a pig. By acquiring, managing and annotating the pig genome sequence one accelerates research for both pig biology and for mammalian biology. Impact on pig biology: Because of the extensive selective breeding which has occurred during domestication, there are a considerable number of breed or line-specific features, from fat/muscle ratios, litter size to skin colour. These features can be mapped genetically into broad regions of the genome, but the final identification of the genes responsible and the causal genetic variation is very complex. The availability of a well-annotated pig genome sequence with links to other data sources, especially those on phenotypes such as growth, carcass composition or responses to infectious disease would provide a dramatic boost to the identification of these causative genes. Impact on Human biology: The pig genome, as with all mammals has diverged relatively recently from the human lineage. This allows us to look for the effect of evolution in the genome. In comparing genome sequences both the similarities and the differences are informative. Sequences that are conserved across multiple species probably represent essential coding or regulatory sequences. Sequences that differ across species and show evidence of rapid evolutionary change can be important determinants of species survival, including reproductive fitness and the ability to respond to infectious disease. Thus, the comparative genome sequence analyses that we will perform will help us understand mammalian - and hence human - biology, including disease processes.