THE WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE

该子项目是利用NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为中心机构，不一定为研究者机构。妇女健康倡议是NIH赞助的13年临床试验（CT）和观察性研究（OS）。该临床试验旨在确定激素替代疗法，饮食调整和/或钙和维生素D补充剂对50-79岁绝经后妇女心血管疾病，癌症和骨质疏松症的有效性。在这项随机临床试验中，来自40个中心的63,000名妇女平均接受了9年的随访。爱荷华州大学有三个诊所，一个在GCRC。女性有资格接受激素替代（HRT）或饮食调整（DM）治疗或两者兼而有之。所有合格的试验参与者都被邀请参加钙/维生素D（CaD）研究。待检验的假设包括：1）HRT是否降低冠心病和糖尿病相关骨折的风险; 2）DM是否降低乳腺癌、结直肠癌和冠心病的风险; 3）CaD是否降低糖尿病相关骨折和结直肠癌的风险？这项研究还将确定一个观察性妇女队列中发病率和死亡率的生物、行为、职业和环境风险因素。OS包括93，721名有资格参加CT或不想参加CT的女性。OS的目标是：1）改善对绝经后妇女的冠状动脉疾病、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、骨折和总死亡率的预测; 2）创建用于评估疾病病因新假设的资源; 3）检查疾病和总死亡率的个体特征变化。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The Women's Health Initiative is a NIH-sponsored 13 year Clinical Trial (CT) and Observational Study (OS). The clinical trial is designed to determine the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy, diet modification and/or calcium and vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women ages 50-79 years old. A total of 63,000 women from 40 centers are being followed in this randomized clinical trial for an average of nine years. The University of Iowa has three clinic sites, one in the GCRC. Women were eligible for either the hormone replacement (HRT) or diet modification (DM) therapies or both. All eligible trial participants were invited to participate in the calcium/Vitamin D (CaD) study. The hypotheses to be tested include: 1) does HRT reduce the risk of coronary disease and osteoporosis-related fractures; 2) does DM reduce the risk of breat cancer, colorectal cancer, and coronary heart disease; and 3) does CaD reduce the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures and colorectal cancer? The study will also determine biological, behavioral, occupational and environmental risk factors for morbidity and mortality in an observational cohort of women. The OS consists of 93,721 women who were eligible for the CT or who did not want to participate in the CT. The goals of the OS are to: 1) improve prediction of coronary disease, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, fractures, and total mortality in postmenopausal women; 2) create a resource for evaluation of new hypotheses in causation of disease; and 3) examine the changes in individual characteristics on disease and total mortality.