MEMORY DEVELOPMENT IN HIGH- AND LOW-RISK INFANTS

这个子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和调查员(PI)可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可能会出现在其他CRISE条目中。列出的机构是针对中心的，而不一定是针对调查员的机构。尽管在智力发展的全球测量上，许多早产儿都在正常范围内(Caputi，Goldstein，&Taub，1979；Crowe，Deitz，Bennet，&TeKolste，1988)，但经过更多的选择性测试，他们在记忆(De Haan，Bauer，Georgief，&Nelson，2000)和加工速度(Rose&Feldman，1996)方面表现出微妙的缺陷。关于早产这些更具体的过程的研究很少，但具有启发性。本研究利用文献中发现的相同方法，将在低风险和高风险前提下测试全球和特定过程。将使用两个对照组：年龄匹配的健康足月儿和年龄匹配的健康足月儿。包括这些控制组是为了探索哪些被测量的过程会随着经验的改善而改善，因为与年龄匹配的健康足月儿相比，早产儿在环境中的经验要多得多。这项研究试图通过探索不同的注意力模式和激活加工系统的潜伏期来确定早产儿是否存在记忆缺陷，以及这些特定的记忆缺陷是否伴随着这些特定的记忆缺陷。重要的是要预先确定所观察到的记忆缺陷是否与无法快速激活注意力系统和/或注意力持续时间的不同模式有关。这项拟议的研究将考察检查的持续时间和检查的潜伏期，以及这些过程与通过引出模仿测量的记忆绩效之间的关系。对这一人群的研究很重要，因为(A)高危婴儿和看起来低风险和正常发育的婴儿后来可能会在学龄前和学龄前表现出发育困难，(B)识别早期特定缺陷及其相关性将有助于早期修复导致后来有害结果的路径，以及(C)这项工作可以被用作研究成熟因素和经验因素在认知能力发展中的相对重要性的“实验”模型(例如，酱，1995；Matthews等人，1996；van Hof-van Duin，HeerSema，Groenendalls，Baerts和Fetter，1992)。GCRC将在这项提案中发挥不可或缺的作用，包括安排参与者的时间，为婴儿期核心提供空间，并提供一名技术人员管理任务(即贝利婴幼儿发展量表)。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Although on global measures of intellectual development many children with preterm histories fall in the normative range (Caputi, Goldstein, & Taub, 1979; Crowe, Deitz, Bennet, & TeKolste, 1988), with more selective testing, they show subtle deficits in, for example, memory (de Haan, Bauer, Georgieff, & Nelson, 2000) and speed of processing (Rose & Feldman, 1996). Studies of these more specific processes in preterms are few, but suggestive. The present research, utilizing the same methods found in the literature, will test both global and specific processes in both low- and high-risk preterms. Two control groups will be used: chronological-age-matched, healthy fullterm infants, and corrected-age-matched, healthy fullterm infants. These control groups are included to explore which, if any, processes measured improve with experience, as the preterms will have much more experience in the environment relative to the corrected-age-matched, healthy fullterms. This research seeks to establish the presence of memory deficits in preterms above-and-beyond global measures of cognition and establish concomitants of these specific memory deficits by exploring differential patterns of attention and latencies to activate the processing systems. It is important to determine in preterms whether the observed memory deficits are related to an inability to quickly activate attentional systems and/or to differential patterns of attention duration. The proposed research will examine both duration of examining and latency to examining as well as relations between these processes and memory performance as measured by elicited imitation. Research with this population is important because (a) infants at high-risk and infants who appear to be low-risk and normally developing may later show developmental difficulties in preschool and school age, (b) identification of early specific deficits and their correlates will facilitate early remediation of pathways leading to later detrimental outcomes and (c) this work can be used as an "experimental" model for investigating the relative importance of maturational and experiential factors in development of cognitive abilities (e.g., Jiang, 1995; Matthews et al., 1996; van Hof-van Duin, Heersema, Groenendalls, Baerts, & Fetter, 1992). The GCRC will be integral to this proposal in scheduling of participants, supplying space in the infancy core, and providing a technician for administration of tasks (i.e. Bayley Scales of Infant Development).