Bat rabies virus in its natural host

描述(申请人提供)：在美洲，蝙蝠是狂犬病病毒(RV)的主要宿主，过去20年美国报告的大多数人类狂犬病病例都是由在蝙蝠物种中传播的RV变种引起的。与典型的由狂犬病陆生食肉动物传播的人类狂犬病不同，这些人类狂犬病病例大多发生在没有证据的情况下，没有通过可识别的咬伤或抓痕接触到病毒。然而，对蝙蝠RV的研究还不够深入。根据我们的初步结果，我们对这项研究的总体假设是：无论是导致美国大多数人狂犬病病例的蝙蝠狂犬病变种，还是引起陆地食肉动物狂犬病循环的狂犬病病毒变种，在感染蝙蝠的病毒传播模式、病毒传播和病毒脱落方面都存在显著差异。目的1：在蝙蝠动物模型中比较蝙蝠相关轮状病毒株和经典轮状病毒株的致病性。目的2.研究蝙蝠源SHBRV在大棕蝠动物模型中的传播方式、传播方式及免疫原性。结果应该揭示病毒在蝙蝠群体内传播的可能途径以及蝙蝠轮状病毒致病性的独特属性，从而支持蝙蝠代表独特的轮状病毒宿主的概念，该宿主在包括人类在内的其他哺乳动物的感染中发挥重要作用。因此，这项研究应该有助于理解蝙蝠是如何作为新出现的传染病的宿主的。公共卫生意义：狂犬病病毒是一种破坏性的神经性疾病，影响动物和人类。蝙蝠可能是狂犬病的宿主，对人类健康有重要影响

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the Americas, bats represent a major reservoir for rabies virus (RV) and most of the human rabies cases that were reported during the last twenty years in the US were caused by RV variants that circulate in bat species. Unlike the classical human rabies transmission by rabid terrestrial carnivores, most of theses human rabies cases occurred without evidence of exposure to the virus by way of recognized bites or scratches. However, RV in bats is not well studied. Based on our preliminary results, our overall hypothesis for this study is: There are significant differences in regard to mode of virus transmission, viral spread, and virus shedding in bats infected with either the bat rabies variant causing most human rabies cases in the US, another bat rabies variants, or a rabies virus variant causing rabies cycles in terrestrial carnivores. Aim 1: Compare the pathogenicity of bat-associated and classical RV strains in a bat animal model. Aim 2. Study the mode of transmission, spread and immunogenicity of bat-derived SHBRV in the big brown bat animal model. The results should reveal possible routes of virus transmission within bat colonies as well as unique attributes of RV pathogenicity in bats, and therefore support the concept that bats represent a unique reservoir of RV that plays a significant role in the infection of other mammals including humans. Therefore, this study should contribute to an understanding of how bats in general can serve as reservoirs for emerging infectious diseases. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Rabies virus is a devastating neuronal disease, which affects animal and humans. Bats might serve as a reservoir for rabies with important implications for human health