SysMO Pseudomonas (Martins dos Santos)-Westerhoff

化学工业过去和现在都对人类社会具有重要意义。它产生许多日常使用的物质。一些化学生产过程远远不能自我维持或封闭;它们需要投入大量的能源和材料，而这两者都越来越稀缺。此外，它们还可能将催化剂、废物、二氧化碳和热量排放到环境中，即使在全球一级，环境也往往充满了其中的一些影响。已知某些生物过程更能自我维持。因此，将细菌和酵母菌作为“工厂”的白色生物技术越来越被认为是某些化学生产工艺的可能替代品。化工厂的设计和管理已经很困难，生物体的工程和控制更是如此。首先，生物体在传统化学过程的条件下通常不会茁壮成长。第二，他们充满了自我平衡机制，通过这种机制，他们积极抵制让他们做工程师想让他们做的事情的尝试。第三，任何新的生物技术工艺都必须与化学工业中现有的和优化的工艺相比具有竞争力。然后，一个直到最近才变得清晰的问题是，生物体的单个组件的工程是不够的，因为生物体是在许多分子的复杂的层次网络的基础上运作的。直到最近，人们还不可能理解引导生物体的网络，因为它们由数百个以高度复杂的方式相互作用的组件组成。系统生物学是一门新兴的科学，它将定量实验与数学方法相结合，以了解生物体的复杂网络。这个项目将开发一种系统生物学方法来研究恶臭假单胞菌中的白色生物技术。这种生物体对于许多类型的压力已经相当强大，因此可能是一个很好的细胞工厂。来自四个欧洲国家实验室的大型科学团体网络将承担这项极具挑战性的研究计划。

The chemical industry has been and is highly important to human society. It produces many of the substances that are used on a daily basis. Some chemical production processes are far from self-sustaining or closed; they require the input of much energy and much material, both of which are getting scarcer. In addition they may shed catalysts, waste, carbon dioxide and heat into the environment, which tends to be saturated with some of these effects, even at a global level. Certain biological processes are known to be more self-sustaining. Therefore, white biotechnology, which implements bacteria and yeasts as 'factories', is increasingly considered as a possible alternative to some chemical production processes. The design and management of a chemical factory already being difficult, the engineering and controlling of living organisms is even more so. First, living organisms do not usually thrive under conditions of the traditional chemical processes. Second, they are full of homeostatic mechanisms by which they actively resist attempts to make them do precisely what the engineer wants them to do. And third, any new biotechnological process will have to be competitive as compared to the already existing and optimized processes in the chemical industry. And then an issue that has become clear only relatively recently is the fact that the engineering of a single components of a living organism will not suffice, as organisms operate on the basis of complex, hierarchical networks of many molecules. Until recently, it has been impossible to understand the networks that steer living organisms, because they consist of hundreds of components that interact in highly complex ways. The newly developing science Systems Biology combines quantitative experimentation with mathematical approaches in order to understand the complex networks of living organisms. This project will develop a Systems Biology approach to white biotechnology in the organism Pseudomonas putida. This organism is already rather robust with respect to many types of stress, and thereby potentially a good cell factory. A large network of scientific groups from laboratories in four European countries will undertake this highly challenging research program.