Social Disparities in Health Among Latinos

描述（由申请人提供）：美国和其他地方的研究普遍表明，较高的社会地位与较低的死亡风险和社会经济阶梯各个层次的健康状况密切相关。然而，拉丁裔人口的情况更为复杂。尽管拉美裔的社会经济地位较低，但他们的婴儿和成人死亡率通常与白人相同或低于白人，这种模式通常被称为“西班牙裔Paradise”。“第二个难题与文献中的发现有关，即尽管有这种死亡率优势，但拉丁裔调查受访者比其他族裔群体更有可能将其整体健康状况评为一般或较差。我们基于三个数据集的初步研究揭示了另一个悖论：对于广泛的健康相关行为和健康结果，拉丁美洲青年和成年人健康的社会梯度较弱或几乎不存在，而白人的社会梯度普遍较强。在拟议的项目中，我们将系统地调查社会经济地位，移民身份，健康行为和健康结果之间的关系在美国的拉丁美洲人。虽然我们的主要重点将是拉丁裔人口，我们也将研究这些关系的其他族裔群体。此外，我们将调查墨西哥的社会经济地位和健康结果之间的关联，墨西哥是美国拉丁裔移民的最大输出国。分析数据将来自洛杉矶家庭和邻里调查的第1和第2波，来自全国健康访谈调查，以及墨西哥全国健康调查。我们的总体目标是发展拉丁美洲健康的更全面的了解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Studies in the U.S. and elsewhere have generally shown that higher social position is strongly associated with lower mortality risks and better health at all levels of the socioeconomic ladder. However, the situation for the Latino population is more complex. Despite the poorer socioeconomic status of Latinos, their infant and adult mortality rates are generally the same as or lower than those for whites, a pattern often referred to as the "Hispanic Paradox." A second puzzle pertains to findings in the literature that, despite this mortality advantage, Latino survey respondents are more likely than those in other ethnic groups to rate their overall health as fair or poor. Our preliminary research based on three data sets reveals yet another paradox: for a broad range of health-related behaviors and health outcomes, the social gradients in health for Latino youth and adults are weak or virtually non-existent in contrast to the generally strong gradients for whites. In the proposed project, we will systematically investigate the relationships between socioeconomic status, immigrant status, health behavior, and health outcomes for Latinos in the United States. Although our principal focus will be the Latino population, we will also examine these relationships for other ethnic groups. In addition, we will investigate associations between socioeconomic status and health outcomes in Mexico, which is the largest sending country for Latino immigrants in the U.S. Data for the analysis will come from waves 1 and 2 of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, from the National Health Interview Survey, and from the Mexican Encuesta Nacional de Salud. Our overall goal is to develop a more comprehensive understanding of Latino health.