i~design 3: extending active living through more effective inclusive design

迅速和前所未有的人口老龄化给整个发达世界带来了严重的社会和经济挑战。受抚养人比率的变化表明福利和养恤金费用不断上升，这需要政府和工业界采取根本性和富有想象力的对策。关键是保持健康的人口，他们能够并愿意在退休前工作更长时间，并在退休后尽可能长时间保持独立。另一项要求是将残疾人纳入主流生活和就业。这一挑战日益得到认可，导致新的立法对世界主要经济体产生影响。解决这一问题需要：（1）理解幸福及其与独立的关系;（2）重新设计工作场所和工作岗位，以适应工作人口的变化概况。为老年人和能力较弱的人设计的产品和服务有一个全球市场，英国和国际上的行业都在回应这一机会。最近一项关于英国公司在包容性设计方面的意识和技能差距的调查（由英国贸易和工业部委托，由CITD与克拉克森教授和科尔曼教授共同进行）得出结论，大多数公司都意识到包容性设计及其好处。然而，工业界采用包容性设计的障碍仍然存在，表现为：（1）缺乏支持包容性设计的合理商业案例;（2）缺乏实践包容性设计的知识和工具;（3）更好地了解新技术产品的大多数用户所遇到的困难;（4）获得适当的用户群。重要的是，需要更新国家统计局早先关于残疾问题的调查中得出的最终用户数据，从产品/用户角度提供描述用户的数据，使设计人员能够更好地估计用户被排斥的原因和程度，并在寻求更好的设计解决方案时提供更深入的见解。正如上议院和下议院办公室最近的一些报告所证明的那样。所有人都看到需要改变政府和行业，以减少社会中的排斥现象，但很少有人提出鼓励这种改变的解决方案。同样清楚的是，对“最终用户”的描述，即我们希望包括的那些用户，是模糊的，缺乏鼓励积极行动所需的细节。然而，尽管存在这些缺点，人们还是有一种变革的情绪，拟议的研究小组与负责这些报告的许多政府部门有着良好的联系，这一建议通过扩大早期设计工作的重点和扩大研究小组来反映这些新的优先事项，从而对上述挑战作出了回应。包容性设计的基本理念具体地扩展了用户的定义，将被快速变化的技术排除在外的人包括在内，特别是老年人和老龄化，并优先考虑极端用户在创新和新产品/服务开发中的作用和价值。它还优先考虑使用环境，包括身体和心理，以及产品，服务和界面在独立生活等使用环境中相互作用的复杂性。主要研究要求是：1。更好地描述产品/服务用户，将其与更准确的数据联系起来，并以设计师友好的格式表示2。更紧密地整合人体测量、能力和社会数据3。更有效地将用户和用户数据应用于工作和工作场所设计以及医疗保健系统设计4。更好地了解由于采用新技术而造成的和与之相关的排斥（在整个人口中）的程度和性质5。确定和核实获取国家用户数据集的手段：设计和试行能够在国际上

Rapid and unprecedented population ageing poses a serious social and economic challenge across the developed world. Shifts in dependency ratios point to escalating welfare and pensions costs which require radical and imaginative responses from Government and industry. Key to this is maintaining a healthy population that is able and willing to work longer before retirement and can remain independent for as long as possible afterwards. A further requirement is to bring disabled people into mainstream life and employment. This challenge is recognised increasingly, resulting in new legislation impacting on the major world economies. Addressing it requires: (1) understanding wellbeing and its relationship to independence; (2) the redesign of workplaces and jobs to suit the changed profile of the working population.There is a global market for products and services designed with older and less able people in mind, and industry is responding to this opportunity, both in the UK and internationally. A recent survey (commissioned by the UK Department of Trade and Industry and undertaken by CITD with Professors Clarkson and Coleman) of UK companies awareness and skills gap with regard to inclusive design concluded that the majority of companies are aware of inclusive design and its benefits. However, barriers remain to industry uptake in the form of: (1) the lack of a perceived justifiable business case to support inclusive design; (2) the lack of knowledge and tools to practice inclusive design; (3) a better understanding of the difficulties experienced by the majority of users of new technology products; and (4) access to appropriate user sets. Importantly, the end-user data derived from earlier Office of National Statistics surveys on disability needs to be updated with data describing users from a product/user perspective, enabling designers to estimate better reasons for, and levels of, user exclusion and to provide greater insight in the search for better design solutions.Inclusion is an important topic within Government, as witnessed by a number of recent reports from the House of Lords and offices of the lower house. All see the need for change in government and industry to reduce exclusion in society, but few solutions are put forward that will encourage such change. It is also clear that descriptions of 'end-users', i.e. those that we wish to include, are vague and lacking in the detail required to encourage positive action. However, despite these shortcomings there is a mood for change and the proposed research team have good links with many of the government offices responsible for these reports.This proposal responds to the above challenges by extending the focus of earlier i~design work and expanding the research team to reflect these new priorities. The philosophy underlying inclusive design specifically extends the definition of users to include people who are excluded by rapidly changing technology, especially the elderly and ageing, and prioritises the role and value of extreme users in innovation and new product/service development. It also prioritises the context of use, both physical and psychological, and the complexity of interactions between products, services and interfaces in contexts of use such as independent living. Key research requirements are:1. Better descriptions of product/service users linked to more accurate data and represented in designer-friendly formats2. Closer integration of anthropometric, capability and social data3. More effective application of users and user data to job and workplace design, and healthcare systems design4. Better understanding of the extent and nature of exclusion (across the whole population) resulting from and associated with the implementation of new technologies5. Definition and verification of the means to capture a national user data set: designing and piloting the research requirements for a major survey capable of intern