EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON EMPATHY

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 黑猩猩安慰被攻击的受害者。如果另一只黑猩猩在打斗中受伤了，它们会靠近，用胳膊搂住它们。他们还表现出有针对性的帮助，他们为他人提供他们需要的帮助，例如拯救他们免于溺水或支持受伤的同伴。一些研究者认为共情不太可能出现在最近的进化史中。事实上，有实验证据表明，其他动物，如老鼠和猴子的情绪传染。对我们的近亲类人猿的研究尤其丰富，表明它们比猴子具有更聪明的移情形式。本研究完全是行为的，既有观察又有实验。对两个社会群体中的黑猩猩的自发行为进行观察，以测量对受伤或痛苦的个体的社会反应，例如失去战斗的个体。 该项目的实验部分旨在测试对视频上的社会序列的反应，特别是序列的首选结果，其结果可能从侵略升级到他人向攻击受害者提供的保证。这项工作将利用六只受过良好训练的黑猩猩，它们过去曾被用于计算机（操纵杆介导）任务。他们会选择电脑屏幕上的图像，我们会测量他们喜欢什么样的情感内容或结果。目的是看他们是否关心别人发生了什么。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Chimpanzees console victims of attack. If another chimpanzee has been hurt in a fight, they will approach, and put an arm around them. They also show targeted help in which they provide others with assistance they need, such as saving them from drowning or supporting an injured companion. Several investigators have considered it unlikely that empathy arose in recent evolutionary history. Indeed, there is experimental evidence for emotional contagion in other animals, such as rats and monkeys. Studies on our closest relatives, the anthropoid apes, are particularly rich, suggesting more intelligent forms of empathy than in monkeys. The present study is entirely behavioral, with both an observational and experimental component. Observations of spontaneous behavior among chimpanzees in two social groups are conducted so as to measure social responses to hurt or distressed individuals, such as individuals who have lost a fight. The experimental component of the project seeks to test responses to social sequences on video, particularly the preferred outcome of sequences, which outcomes may range from escalation of aggression to reassurance provided by others to a victim of attack. This work will take advantage of six well-trained chimpanzees who have been used in the past in computerized (joystick mediated) tasks. They will select images on a computer screen, and we will measure what kind of emotional contents or outcomes they prefer. The objective is to see if they care about what happens to others.