STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE RIBOSOME

这个子项目是许多利用 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 核糖体[1]是一种基于遗传指令合成蛋白质的细胞机器。 核糖体沿着mRNA移动，捕获tRNA，促进密码子和反密码子之间的配对，并催化氨基酸之间形成肽键。 细菌核糖体是抗生素的重要靶点;事实上，50%的抗生素研究都集中在核糖体上。 目前最成功的核糖体成像方法是冷冻电子显微镜（cryo-EM）[2]和X射线晶体学[3]。 Cryo-EM通过提供不同功能状态的快照来深入了解核糖体的功能，目前分辨率为7埃。X射线晶体学产生单个或未定义的功能状态的原子级结构信息。 这些和其他实验表明，核糖体由两个亚基组成，小亚基负责密码子-反密码子识别，大亚基负责催化肽键形成。 整个翻译机制由核糖体RNA、约50种核糖体蛋白、tRNA、mRNA、离子和其他蛋白质因子组成。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The ribosome [1] is a cellular machine that synthesizes proteins based on genetic instructions. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, catches tRNAs, facilitates the pairing between codons and anticodons, and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. The bacterial ribosome is an important target of antibiotics; indeed, 50% of all research on antibiotics is focused on the ribosome. Currently the most successful approaches to image ribosomes are cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) [2] and X-ray crystallography [3]. Cryo-EM offers insights into the function of the ribosome by providing snapshots of different functional states, currently at a resolution of 7 Angstroms. X-ray crystallography yields atomic-scale structural information for single or undefined functional states. These and other experiments show that the ribosome consists of two subunits, the small subunit being responsible for codon-anticodon recognition, and the large subunit for catalyzing peptide bond formation. The whole translation machinery consists of ribosomal RNAs, about 50 ribosomal proteins, tRNAs, mRNA, ions, and additional protein factors.