Influence of Personal Responsibility Rhetoric on Public Health Outcomes in Judici

描述(由申请人提供)：调查人员建议审查烟草、快餐和含糖饮料行业在法律和监管论坛上使用个人责任言论的情况，在这些论坛上，制定了许多积极和消极的公共卫生政策。作为对法律背景的回应，烟草行业援引个人责任修辞，将注意力从其行为转移到个人身上，以应对伤害。当被用作立法和监管监督的基础时，在司法程序中或在其他法律和政策形成论坛中，个人责任的概念被口头利用，以掩盖或转移人们对对公众健康造成不利影响的更大的结构性决定因素--包括应受惩罚的行为者--的关注。调查人员将确定促进烟草行业使用个人责任言论的司法、监管、立法操作程序和相关媒体报道，以及那些抵制此类言论、支持分析健康行为结构性决定因素的程序。烟草行业的个人责任言论也可能成为其他商业利益的典范，因为他们认识到，他们的产品正在损害公众的健康。调查人员将检查快餐和含糖饮料行业在肥胖流行中所扮演的角色在司法、监管、立法论坛和相关媒体上的言辞，并将他们的言辞与烟草行业的言辞进行比较。研究将围绕九个关键的法律和政策事件，这些事件将作为调查人员的理论样本。其理论是，使用个人责任言论可以屏蔽司法、监管和立法论坛的审查，这些论坛是商业设计的健康行为决定因素。除了传统的法律和政策研究外，调查人员还依靠人种学内容分析来检查包含烟草行业内部文件、相关法律论坛产生的法律文件、新闻媒体报道、行业公关文件以及烟草、快餐和含糖饮料行业行为的其他文件的数据集。调查人员将根据初步文献审查和对已确定的数据集中的文本样本进行检查，制定初步编码方案。调查人员将在已确定的数据集的样本上测试编码。研究结果将以文章的形式发表在同行评议的出版物上，并通过参加学术论坛积极传播。与公共健康相关：通过了解烟草行业在决定许多卫生政策的法律和监管论坛(如法院和立法机构)中对个人责任概念的修辞运用，并分析这种修辞如何出现在新闻、舆论和公共关系媒体材料中，将有可能更有效地预测和反击这种修辞，并在法律和监管论坛上制定以证据为基础的公共卫生干预措施。将这种修辞的使用分析扩展到与肥胖症流行有关的“快餐”和含糖饮料行业，并将这些方法与烟草行业的方法进行比较，将使政策制定者为采取重要的政策干预措施减少肥胖症及其日益严重的公共健康影响做好更好的准备。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The investigators propose to examine the tobacco, fast food and sweetened beverage industries' use of personal responsibility rhetoric in legal and regulatory forums where many public health policies, both positive and negative, are created. As a response to legal context, the tobacco industry invokes personal responsibility rhetoric to focus attention away from its conduct and toward the individual in responding to the harm. When used as the basis of legislative and regulatory oversight, in judicial proceedings, or in other forums of law and policy formation, the concept of personal responsibility exploited rhetorically to obscure or shift attention from larger structural determinants -- including culpable actors -- that adversely affect the public's health. The investigators will identify the judicial, regulatory, legislative operational processes and related media coverage that have facilitated the use of personal responsibility rhetoric by the tobacco industry and those processes that have resisted such rhetoric in favor of analyses of structural determinants of health behaviors. The tobacco industry's personal responsibility rhetoric may also serve as a model for other commercial interests faced with the recognition that their products are harming the public's health. The investigators will examine rhetoric in the judicial, regulatory, legislative forums and related media by the fast food and sweetened beverage industries in their identified role in the obesity epidemic and compare their rhetoric with that deployed by the tobacco industry. Research will be oriented around nine key law and policy events, which will function as the investigators' theoretical samples. The theory is that the use of personal responsibility rhetoric shields from scrutiny in the judicial, regulatory and legislative forums commercially engineered determinants of health behavior. In addition to traditional law and policy research, the investigators rely on ethnographic content analysis to examine datasets containing internal industry tobacco documents, legal documents generated in the relevant legal forums, news media coverage, industry public relations documents and other documentation of conduct by the tobacco, fast food and sweetened beverage industries. The investigators will develop an initial coding scheme based on a preliminary literature reviews and examination of samples of text in the identified datasets. The investigators will test the coding on samples from the identified datasets. The study findings will be described in articles to be published in peer-reviewed publications and actively disseminated through participation in scholarly forums. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: By understanding the tobacco industry's rhetorical use of the concept of personal responsibility in legal and regulatory forums such as courts and legislatures where much health policy is determined, and analyzing how this rhetoric appears in news, opinion and public relations media material, it will be possible to more effectively anticipate and counter such rhetoric and enact evidence-based public health interventions in legal and regulatory forums. Extending the analysis of the use of such rhetoric to the "fast food" and sweetened beverage industries that are implicated in the obesity epidemic and comparing these approaches to that of the tobacco industry will better prepare policy-makers for undertaking important policy interventions to reduce obesity and its escalating public health impact.