EFFECTS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA ON HOST ADIPOSITY ARE MODULATED BY THE SHORT CHAIN

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 人类肠道的末端含有数以万亿计的微生物，使我们能够从原本无法消化的饮食多糖中提取卡路里。多糖发酵的产物包括短链脂肪酸，它是Gpr41的配体，Gpr41是一种G蛋白偶联受体，由肠道上皮中的一组肠内分泌细胞表达。为了检验Gpr41对能量平衡的贡献，我们比较了Gpr41-/-和Gpr41+/+小鼠，这些小鼠要么是用完整的肠道微生物区系饲养的，要么是在没有细菌的情况下饲养的，然后作为年轻人与人类远端肠道微生物群落的两个重要成员共生：糖解菌，thetaiotaomicron和产甲烷古细菌，甲烷短杆菌smithii。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The distal human intestine harbors trillions of microbes that allow us to extract calories from otherwise indigestible dietary polysaccharides. The products of polysaccharide fermentation include short-chain fatty acids that are ligands for Gpr41, a G protein-coupled receptor expressed by a subset of enteroendocrine cells in the gut epithelium. To examine the contribution of Gpr41 to energy balance, we compared Gpr41-/- and Gpr41+/+ mice that were either conventionally-raised with a complete gut microbiota or were reared germ-free and then cocolonized as young adults with two prominent members of the human distal gut microbial community: the saccharolytic bacterium, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the methanogenic archaeon, Methanobrevibacter smithii.