Geospatial factors in HIV prevention trial outcomes

描述(由申请者提供)：该奖项资助了一段时间的地理空间概念化和分析强化指导培训，重点是艾滋病毒预防试验的应用；导师是Ellen K.Cromley博士，她因其与地理空间因素公共卫生结果有关的学术知识而在国际上闻名。地理信息系统(地理信息系统)已经成为一种强大的科学工具，几乎可以应用于任何科学分支。由艾滋病毒引起的获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)仍然是对世界公共卫生的非常严重的威胁。在没有疫苗或其他药物治疗的情况下，改变行为以降低感染或传播艾滋病毒的风险仍然是公共卫生的关键。作为回应，与降低艾滋病毒风险相关的研究迅速发展，研究结果之间的不一致使解释变得复杂。预防试验的荟萃分析不仅记录了它们的典型疗效，而且记录了与其成功有关的某些因素，然而，迄今为止，这种审查没有利用与地理信息系统有关的信息，如经济和政治因素。在几乎所有受艾滋病毒/艾滋病大流行影响的国家中，在极其不同的地点进行了艾滋病毒预防试验。该项目的实质性目标是汇集艾滋病毒预防效力证据的地理空间图景，它将逐字绘制试验何时何地进行以及它们实现预防目标的情况，并检查试验及其样本的具体方面。这一景观反过来将允许对与进行试验的地点有关的地理空间-时间因素进行审查。另外两个实质性目标是对美国国内和非洲的试验效果进行荟萃分析。将开展培训活动，同时综合艾滋病毒预防情况，然后将地理空间-时间信息与试验效果联系起来。 公共卫生相关性：叙述这项建议与公共卫生具有极高的相关性，因为它的研究审查了现有的关于预防艾滋病毒在人群中传播的干预措施的证据。该项目将提供有价值的信息，说明何时何地进行了试验，以及结果如何。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This award funds an intensive period of mentored training in geospatial conceptualization and analysis with a focus on an application to HIV prevention trials; the mentor is Dr. Ellen K. Cromley, internationally known for her scholarship relating geospatial factors public health outcomes. Geographical information systems (GIS) have emerged as a powerful scientific tool that can be brought to bear on practically any branch of science. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by HIV, remains a very serious threat to world public health. With no vaccines or other medical cures available, behavior change to lower the risk of acquiring or spreading HIV remains the key to public health. In response, studies relevant to HIV risk-reduction burgeoned, with inconsistencies among study findings complicating easy interpretation. Meta-analyses of prevention trials have documented not only their typical efficacy but also certain factors that relate to their success, yet, to date such reviews have not utilized GIS-related information such as economic and political factors. HIV prevention trials have been conducted in extremely diverse locales across practically every country at all affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. On substantive goal of this project is to assemble a geospatial landscape of HIV prevention efficacy evidence, which will literally map when and where trials have been conducted and how well they have achieved prevention goals, examining as well specific facets of the trials and their samples. The landscape in turn will permit an examination of geospatial- temporal factors related to the locales in which the trials were conducted. Two other substantive goals are to pursue meta-analyses of trial efficacy within the United States and with Africa. The training activities will be undertaken while simultaneously assembling the landscape of HIV prevention and then relating geospatial-temporal information to trial efficacy. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Narrative This proposal has extremely high relevance to public health in that its studies review the evidence available regarding interventions to prevent the spread of HIV among the population. The project will yield valuable information about when and where trials have been conducted and with what consequences.