ATTENTIONAL PROCESSING OF TEMPORAL INFORMATION

项目摘要-摘要 基本的行为过程，如联想学习，率计算和决策至关重要 依赖于秒到分钟范围内的时间间隔的估计和再现（间隔计时）。这些 在帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏病和精神分裂症中，这些过程被破坏。该项目将 通过研究这些疾病中的认知过程， 事件特征对跟踪时间能力的影响。其中一个基本假设是 大多数计时理论认为，受试者能够很容易地从输入刺激中抽象出时间 信息，并根据这一线索调整他们的行为，而不管非时间属性的真实的 定时事件相反，有证据表明，动物和人类的时间是高度敏感的属性 定时信号。这些数据支持了一种资源分配理论，即注意力和记忆力 专用于间隔定时的资源可以被重新分配给其他认知过程，这些认知过程又可以 妨碍了时间安排。 本研究的主要目的是研究时间信息的注意加工 秒到分钟的范围（间隔计时），结合使用行为，生理和计算 接近。在行为上，我们将研究事件的非时间特征对重新分配的影响。 注意力和记忆资源，当受试者的时间一个或多个持续时间。在生理层面，我们 我建议解剖参与内部时钟和资源之间相互作用的神经回路 使用神经精神药理学方法的分配机制，特别是通过局部输注特定的 激动剂和拮抗剂的关键部位的神经回路，以操纵它，并获得知识， 功能在计算上，我们建议评估两种资源重新分配模型，以便 解决行为和药理学操作对注意加工的影响， 信息，并得出预测，保证进一步的实验研究。 这些研究将有助于阐明行为，神经和计算机制，当我们 注意定时刺激，并将提高我们对注意力因素的影响的理解， 需要时间信息的复杂认知过程，这些过程可能在疾病中被破坏， 比如帕金森亨廷顿和精神分裂症该项目的结果可用于设计行为 这些疾病的早期评估措施，并了解中断的认知过程 当这些基质功能失调时。这些信息对于评估以下方面的价值/效率至关重要： 这些疾病的动物模型中的潜在治疗策略。

PROJECT SUMMARY - ABSTRACT Fundamental behavioral processes such as associative learning, rate calculation and decision making crucially rely on estimation and reproduction of time intervals in the seconds-to-minutes range (interval timing). These processes are disrupted in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Schizophrenia. This project will further our understanding of the disruptions of cognitive processes in these disorders by investigating the impact of characteristics of events on the ability to keep track of time. One of the underlying assumptions of most timing theories is that subjects are able to readily abstract from the input stimulus the temporal information, and to tune their behavior according to this cue, irrespective of non-temporal properties the real timed event. In contrast, evidence suggests that both animal and human timing is highly sensitive to properties of the timed signal. Such data support a resource allocation theory which posits that attentional and memory resources dedicated to interval timing may be re-allocated for other cognitive processes, which in turn may hinder timing. The main objective of this proposal is to study attentional processing of temporal information in the seconds-to-minutes range (interval timing) using combined behavioral, physiological, and computational approaches. Behaviorally, we will study the effects of non-temporal features of events on the re-allocation of attentional and memory resources when subjects time one or multiple durations. At the physiological level, we propose to dissect the neural circuits involved in the interaction between the internal clock and the resource allocation mechanims using neuropsychopharmacological methods, specifically by local infusions of specific agonist and antagonists in key sites of the neural circuit in order to manipulate it and gain knowledge of its functioning. Computationally, we propose to evaluate two models of re-allocation of resources, in order to address the effect of behavioral and pharmacological manipulations on attentional processing of temporal information, and to arrive at predictions that warrant further experimental investigation. The studies will help elucidate the behavioral, neural, and computational mechanisms involved when we pay attention to timed stimuli, and will improve our understanding of the impact of attentional factors on complex cognitive processes that require temporal information, processes which may be disrupted in disorders like Parkinson, Huntington, and Schizophrenia. The results of the project can be used to devise behavioral measures for the early assessment of such disorders, and to understand the cognitive processes disrupted when these substrates are dysfunctional. This information is crucial to assessing the value/efficiency of potential treatment strategies in animal models of such disorders.