BINOCULAR COORDINATION OF EYE MOVEMENTS

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 必须在水平、垂直和扭转平面上保持双目对准，以确保双目感觉融合。不幸的是，发育过程中异常的视觉体验通常会导致眼睛不对准(斜视)。事实上，各种研究都报告了斜视的发病率约占婴儿人口的2%-5%。 我们培育了一只猴子，一次只能用一只眼睛看世界，从而开发了一种斜视动物模型。这是通过在一只眼睛上放置不透明的隐形眼镜，并在生命的最初几个月每天交替使用另一只眼睛(交替的单眼遮挡)来实现的。我们来自斜视猴子的数据类似于人类的数据，表明眼睛不对准伴随着双眼协调能力的缺乏。除了水平错位，我们还发现动物表现出垂直错位，非凝视的眼睛比凝视的眼睛更高。水平和垂直错位都会随着注视位置的不同而不同。因此，我们交替单眼遮挡的饲养模式产生的动物具有类似于人类形式的斜视的排列模式，例如A/V模式斜视和分离性垂直偏差(DVD)。 这些现象还不完全清楚，我们正在进行神经生理和行为研究来研究它们。我们之前的研究表明，运动神经元的神经元驱动决定了感觉性斜视动物的眼睛错位状态。 新的数据显示，中脑中与眼球调节和眼球调节控制相关的运动前区域可能在斜视的发展和维持中发挥作用。本研究的完成将有助于对某些类型斜视的认识和治疗。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Binocular alignment must be maintained in the horizontal, vertical and torsional planes to ensure binocular sensory fusion. Unfortunately, abnormal visual experience during development usually leads to ocular misalignment (strabismus). In fact, various studies have reported the incidence of strabismus to be about 2-5% of the infant population. We have developed an animal model for strabismus by rearing monkeys that only view the world through one eye at a time. This is accomplished by placing an opaque contact lens on one eye and alternating to the other eye on a daily basis (alternate monocular occlusion) for the first few months of life. Our data from strabismic monkeys are similar to human data showing that ocular misalignment is accompanied by a lack of binocular coordination. In addition to horizontal misalignment, we have found that the animals show vertical misalignment with the non-fixating eye being higher than the fixating eye. Both horizontal and vertical misalignment varies with gaze position. Thus our rearing paradigm of alternate monocular occlusion produces animals with alignment patterns that resemble human forms of strabismus such as A/V pattern strabismus and Dissociated Vertical Deviation (DVD). These phenomena are incompletely understood and we are conducting neurophysiological and behavioral studies to study them. We previously showed that neuronal drive from motoneurons was responsible for determining the state of eye misalignment in animals with a sensory form of strabismus. New data shows that pre-motor areas in the midbrain relating to control of vergence and ocular accommodation might play a role in the development and maintenance of strabismus. Completion of our studies will be of benefit to the understanding and treatment of certain types of strabismus.