Anatomical Substrates of Complex Behavior (P01)

描述(由申请人提供)： 这是一个关于认知和行为的神经解剖学基础的项目的更新请求，该项目始于1983年，并于1986年、1991年、1996年和2001年更新。从一开始，该计划的目的就是：(1)促进对大脑疾病的理解、诊断和管理；(2)在假设驱动的研究中阐明大规模人类神经系统与情感、决策、记忆和语言等功能之间的关系；以及(3)维护和扩大神经患者登记处，这是认知神经科学的独特资源。这项研究依赖于用作探针的神经损伤来测试关于皮质和皮质下系统在复杂功能中所起作用的假设。损伤由体内神经成像技术定义，功能损害以神经心理学和心理生理学技术为特征。现在，通过旨在阐明神经系统中相互连接的路径模式的研究，以及强大的新成像和病变分析工具的开发，这一方法得到了加强。研究人员已经获得了影响认知神经科学的结果，并提供了适用于诊断程序的知识体系，对康复方法的设计具有参考价值。该计划的更新可能会产生具有科学价值和实际重要性的结果，甚至可能比过去更强大。新提案确定了令人振奋的新问题，在病变分析、神经经济学、情绪和社会发展、社会情绪、记忆和语言障碍方面；它展示了高级研究团队的稳定性和凝聚力，并增加了将加强智力和技术资源的表现环境；它保持和扩大了患者登记处的高度宝贵的资源。这些因素结合在一起，为该计划的继续提供了理想和令人信服的环境。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究将为中风、头部损伤、脑肿瘤、癫痫发作障碍和其他脑部疾病的神经科患者的诊断和治疗提供关键信息。这些信息将有助于设计康复计划，这些计划可以缓解记忆、语言和情绪方面的缺陷，并有助于遏制与脑部疾病相关的痛苦。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a request for renewal of a Program on the neuroanatomical basis of cognition and behavior initiated in 1983, and renewed in 1986, 1991, 1996, and 2001. From the outset, the purposes of the Program have been: (1) to contribute to the understanding, diagnosis, and management of brain disease; (2) to elucidate, in hypothesis-driven research, the relation between large-scale human neural systems and functions such as emotion, decision-making, memory, and language; and (3) to maintain and expand a neurological Patient Registry, which constitutes a unique resource for cognitive neuroscience. The research relies on neurological lesions used as probes to test hypotheses regarding the role of cortical and subcortical systems involved in complex functions. The lesions are defined by in vivo neuroimaging techniques, and the functional impairments are characterized by neuropsychological and psychophysiological techniques. The approach is now strengthened by studies aimed at elucidating the pattern of interconnecting pathways in neural systems, and by the development of powerful new imaging and lesion analysis tools. The investigators have obtained results that have influenced cognitive neuroscience, and have provided a body of knowledge applicable to diagnostic procedures and valuable to inform the design of rehabilitation approaches. The renewal of this Program is likely to yield results of scientific merit and practical importance, potentially even stronger than in the past. The new proposal identifies exciting new questions to pursue, in lesion analysis, neuroeconomics, emotional and social development, social emotions, and memory and language disorders; it demonstrates the stability and cohesiveness of the senior research team, combined with the addition of a performance environment which will strengthen the intellectual and technical resources; and it maintains and expands the highly valuable resource of the Patient Registry. These factors join to provide ideal and compelling circumstances for continuation of the Program. Public health relevance: This research will provide information critical for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological patients who suffer stroke, head injury, brain tumors, seizure disorders, and other brain diseases. The information will help with the design of rehabilitation programs that can alleviate deficits in memory, language, and emotions, and help curb the suffering associated with brain disease.