AMYGDALA: SEX DIFFERENCES IN BEHAVIOR, COGNITION NEUROENDOCRINE DEVELOPMENT

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 该项目调查了生活在复杂的半自然社会群体中的恒河猴在新生儿和青春期杏仁核摘除后的社会、情感、认知和神经内分泌后果方面的性别差异。与之前研究中严格的社会限制条件不同，我们的大型猴子群体有多个母系，所有年龄和性别类别都允许在它可能旨在应对的社会条件下研究杏仁核功能。 该项目跟踪这些系统的发展，并将青少年功能的变化与青春期过渡和成人社会行为联系起来。我们现在已经成功地在两个年度队列中创建了41个猴子对象，其中包括9个男性和8个女性新生儿杏仁核切除对象，另有24个对象作为青少年对照组。 8名男性和8名女性对照组将在青春期后1年切除杏仁核，以便直接比较新生儿和成人杏仁核切除的影响新生儿性腺功能、焦虑、恐惧和母体依恋正在接受评估，同时对受试者出生后四年的社会互动进行广泛观察。在两年内，将使用连续可用的计算机服务亭来评估物体和空间记忆广度以及物体辨别能力。从1.25岁开始，对女性进行了密集的抽样，以评估青春期的时间以及社会和性行为的青春期变化。 令人惊讶的是，我们第一个队列中的一只新生儿杏仁切除雌性(其余的杏仁摘除雌性是在今年完成的第二个队列中创建的)经历了1.5岁的月经初潮，比我们群体中任何一只经历青春期的对照雌性都早了整整一年。我们继续每周重点观察行为、新生儿模仿，并收集关于这些对象的LabTab表现。样本数量现在将足以进行数据分析，目前正在进行这项工作。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. This project investigates sex differences in the social, emotional, cognitive and neuroendocrine consequences of neonatal and post-pubertal amygdalectomy in rhesus monkeys living in complex semi-natural social groups. Unlike the severely socially restricted conditions of previous studies, our large monkey groups have multiple matrilines and all age and sex classes allowing investigating amygdala function under social conditions it is likely designed to deal with. This project tracks the development of these systems and relates changes in juvenile function to the pubertal transition and adult social behavior. We have now successfully created forty-one monkey subjects in two annual cohorts, including 9 male and 8 female neonatally amygdalectomized subjects, with the other 24 subjects serving as juvenile controls. Eight male and 8 female controls will be amygdalectomized 1 year post-pubertally to allow direct comparison of the effects of neonatal and adult amygdalectomy Neonatal gonadal function, anxiety, fear, and maternal attachment are in the process of being assessed along with extensive observations of social interactions in the subjects' natal group during the first four years of life. At 2 yr, continuously available computer kiosks will be used to assess object and spatial memory span and object discrimination. Starting at 1.25yr females have been intensely sampled to assess pubertal timing as well as pubertal changes in social and sexual behavior. Surprisingly, the one neonatally amygdalectomized female in our first cohort (the rest of the amygdalectomized females were created in the second cohort completed this year) went through menarche at 1.5years, a full year earlier than any control female in our colony has gone through puberty. We have continued weekly focal observations of behavior, neonatal imitation, and LabTab performance has been collected on these subjects. Sample sizes will are now sufficient for data analysis, which is currently under way.