AMYGDALA: SEX DIFFERENCES IN BEHAVIOR, COGNITION NEUROENDOCRINE DEVELOPMENT

这个子项目是利用资源的许多研究子项目之一。 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。对子项目的主要支持 子项目的首席调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括美国国立卫生研究院的其他来源。为子项目列出的总成本可能 表示该子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 不是由NCRR赠款提供给次级项目或次级项目工作人员的直接资金。 该项目调查了生活在复杂的半自然社会群体中的恒河猴在新生儿和青春期杏仁核摘除后的社会、情感、认知和神经内分泌后果方面的性别差异。与之前研究中严格的社会限制条件不同，我们的大型猴子群体有多个母系，所有年龄和性别类别都允许在它可能旨在应对的社会条件下研究杏仁核功能。该项目跟踪这些系统的发展，并将青少年功能的变化与青春期过渡和成人社会行为联系起来。我们现在已经成功地在两个年度队列中创建了41个猴子对象，其中包括9个男性和8个女性新生儿杏仁核切除对象，另有24个对象作为青少年对照组。新生儿的性腺功能、焦虑、恐惧和母性依恋正在接受评估，同时对受试者出生后四年的社会互动进行了广泛的观察。在两年内，将使用连续可用的计算机服务亭来评估物体和空间记忆广度以及物体辨别能力。从1.25岁开始，对女性进行了密集的抽样，以评估青春期的时间以及社会和性行为的青春期变化。令人惊讶的是，新生儿杏仁核切除的雌性)在1.5岁时经历了月经初潮，比我们殖民地中任何一只经历青春期的对照雌性都早了整整一年。我们继续每周重点观察行为、新生儿模仿，并收集关于这些对象的LabTab表现。样本数量现在足以进行数据分析，目前正在进行这项工作。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. This project investigates sex differences in the social, emotional, cognitive and neuroendocrine consequences of neonatal and post-pubertal amygdalectomy in rhesus monkeys living in complex semi-natural social groups. Unlike the severely socially restricted conditions of previous studies, our large monkey groups have multiple matrilines and all age and sex classes allowing investigating amygdala function under social conditions it is likely designed to deal with. This project tracks the development of these systems and relates changes in juvenile function to the pubertal transition and adult social behavior. We have now successfully created forty-one monkey subjects in two annual cohorts, including 9 male and 8 female neonatally amygdalectomized subjects, with the other 24 subjects serving as juvenile controls. Neonatal gonadal function, anxiety, fear, and maternal attachment are in the process of being assessed along with extensive observations of social interactions in the subjects' natal group during the first four years of life. At 2yr, continuously available computer kiosks will be used to assess object and spatial memory span and object discrimination. Starting at 1.25yr females have been intensely sampled to assess pubertal timing as well as pubertal changes in social and sexual behavior. Surprisingly, the neonatally amygdalectomized female) went through menarche at 1.5years, a full year earlier than any control female in our colony has gone through puberty. We have continued weekly focal observations of behavior, neonatal imitation, and LabTab performance has been collected on these subjects. Sample sizes are now sufficient for data analysis, which is currently under way.