Driving performance evaluation based on long term video monitoring of habitual dr

描述(申请人提供)：基于对视障人士习惯性驾驶的长期视频监控的驾驶性能评估摘要数百万视障人士不开车是因为他们没有达到正常的视力要求(例如20/40的视力)。他们中有许多年龄较大的司机，他们已经驾驶多年，现在由于年龄相关性视力丧失而被迫停止驾驶。事实上，美国38个州有一个合法的选项，允许中度中心视力丧失(例如视力高于20/200)的人在佩戴眼镜式生物光学望远镜时开车。这一选择可能会使许多视力受损的老年人延长他们的独立时间和行动能力，从而提高他们的生活质量。多年驾驶经验的优点可能会使这些年长的司机成为生物光学驾驶的良好候选人，因为他们只需要学习如何有效地使用生物光学望远镜来提高驾驶时的视力。然而，生物光学驾驶的安全性仍然是一个极具争议性的问题，主要是因为人们对生物光学驾驶知之甚少。关于生物光学望远镜是否以及如何实际用于驾驶，如何适当使用，以及使用它们是否会导致更好的驾驶性能或更差的驾驶性能，这些知识从未得到科学证实。基于我们现有的原型系统，我们将开发数字记录系统，可以安装在生物光学司机自己的车辆上，记录他们在几个月内的日常驾驶活动。将记录驾驶员和交通的视频、GPS坐标和车辆黑匣子数据等。我们将开发计算机辅助审查技术，从海量数据中自动提取最具信息量的驾驶片段，在交互界面上重建选定的驾驶程序，然后由专门的驾驶教练使用一种评估方法进行离线评估，该评估方法将与道路驾驶评估进行验证。将进行一系列开创性实验，以量化生物光学望远镜在习惯驾驶中的实际使用情况；评估12名年长的生物光学司机和视力正常的对照组的驾驶性能；调查驾驶性能与某些生物光学使用模式之间的关系；检查老年生物光学司机是否比正常视力的司机更限制驾驶的机动性；核实关于生物光学驾驶的自我报告(使用问卷)是否符合客观衡量标准。公共卫生相关性：这项探索性研究的结果将提供前所未有的证据，帮助驾驶教育工作者制定以证据为基础的指导方针和程序，以培训视力受损的双向视觉司机。从这项研究中获得的探索性发现将对设计进一步的科学研究以隐含地评估生物光学望远镜在驾驶方面的价值至关重要。这项研究和进一步的研究对于告知低视力康复和驾驶执照具有重要意义，这不仅有利于视障人士，也有利于数百万其他司机在道路上的安全。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving performance evaluation based on long term video monitoring of habitual driving by visually impaired Abstract Millions of visually impaired people do not drive because they fail to meet the normal vision requirements (e.g. 20/40 visual acuity). Among them are many older drivers who have driven for many years, and now are forced to stop driving due to age-related vision loss. Actually, there is a legal option in 38 states of the US that people with moderate central vision loss (e.g. visual acuity better than 20/200) may be permitted to drive when wearing spectacle-mounted bioptic telescopes. It is possible that this option may enable many older people with impaired vision to prolong their independence and extend mobility, and therefore improve their quality of life. The merit of years of driving experience might make these older drivers good candidates for bioptic driving, as they only need to learn how to effectively use the bioptic telescope to improve vision while driving. However, the safety of bioptic driving is still a highly controversial issue, essentially because bioptic driving is poorly understood. Knowledge about whether and how bioptic telescopes are actually used in driving, how they should be used appropriately, and whether their use results in better or worse driving performance has never been scientifically established. Based on our existing prototype system, we will develop digital recording systems that can be installed in bioptic drivers' own vehicles to record their daily driving activities over a period of months. Videos of the driver and traffic, GPS coordinates and vehicle black box data, etc. will be recorded. We will develop computer-aided reviewing techniques to automatically extract the most informative driving segments from the vast amount of data, reconstruct the selected driving procedures on an interactive interface, and then have them assessed off- line by specialized driving instructors using an evaluation method that will be validated against an on-road driving assessment. A series of ground breaking experiments will be conducted to: Quantify how bioptic telescopes are actually used in habitual driving; Assess driving performance of 12 older bioptic drivers and a normally-sighted control group; Investigate relationship between driving performance and certain bioptic use patterns; Examine whether older bioptic drivers restrict driving mobility more than matched normally-sighted drivers; Verify whether self-reports of bioptic driving (using questionnaires) agree with objective measures. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The results of this exploratory study will provide unprecedented evidence to help driving educators develop evidence-based guidelines and procedures for training visually impaired bioptic drivers. Exploratory findings obtained from this study will be critical for designing further scientific research to implicitly evaluate the value of bioptic telescopes for driving. This study and further research are important in informing low vision rehabilitation and driver licensing, which is not only for the benefits of visually impaired people, but also for the safety of millions of other drivers on the road.