The Chernobyl Tissue Bank

描述(申请人提供)：世界上许多国家正在考虑恢复核能，作为化石燃料供应减少的能源生产的替代方案。然而，公众对核电站事故对健康的影响有相当大的担忧，例如1986年4月26日在切尔诺贝利核电站发生的事故。该项目旨在提供受切尔诺贝利事故影响最大的人的生物标本的高质量资源(切尔诺贝利组织库：CTB)，并向世界各地的科学家提供这些资源。来自该资源的材料已经在世界各地的一些项目中使用，这些项目的结果已经改变了对辐射相关甲状腺癌分子生物学的解释方式。这是一项前瞻性研究，从1967年4月26日或之后出生的患者收集材料，这些患者是在事故发生前出生并在宫内、童年或青春期暴露于各种放射性核素的人，他们既暴露于短寿命同位素(例如131-I)，又暴露于寿命较长的同位素(例如137-Cs)，以及那些在事故发生后出生的人，因此只暴露于环境中低水平的长寿命同位素(例如137-Cs)。后者提供了一个非常宝贵的控制人口，居住在相同的地区和相同的种族背景，但暴露在事故的长期后果中。该项目建立在自1992年以来与乌克兰和俄罗斯的医生和科学家建立的关系的基础上，并为长期监测事故的放射生物健康后果提供了一个平台。获得项目参与者的完全知情同意，生物样本在发布给科学项目之前被匿名。使用资源的科学项目的研究结果将逐一返回给项目，从而能够将不同项目的结果相互关联，并创建资源没收生物信息学研究。该项目支持的研究提供了丰富的信息，可用于确定核事故后导致甲状腺癌风险增加的因素，如遗传倾向、暴露年龄和暴露剂量，以及寻求了解辐射暴露后甲状腺癌的基本生物学，从而寻求更有效的监测和治疗方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many countries in the world are considering a return to nuclear power as an alternative to energy production from dwindling supplies of fossil fuels. However, the public has considerable concerns over the health implications of a nuclear power plant accident such as the one at occurred at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant on April 26th 1986. This project seeks to provide a high quality resource (the Chernobyl Tissue Bank: CTB) of biospecimens from those who were affected most by the Chernobyl accident and to make these available to scientists worldwide. Material from the resource has already been used in a number of projects worldwide and the result from these projects has already changed the way in which the molecular biology of radiation associated thyroid cancer is interpreted. This a prospective study that collects material from patients who were born on or after 26th April 1967 i.e. those who were born prior to the accident and exposed to various radionuclides in utero, childhood or adolescence who were exposed to both short-lived isotopes (e.g. 131-I) and longer lived isotopes (e.g. 137-Cs), and those who were born subsequent to the accident and therefore exposed only to low level longer lived isotopes in the environment (e.g. 137-Cs). The latter provide a very valuable control population, resident in the same areas and of the same racial background, but exposed to a longer term consequence of the accident. The project builds on relationships with physicians and scientists in Ukraine and Russia that have been established since 1992 and provides a platform for long-term monitoring of the radiobiological health consequences of the accident. Full informed consent is obtained from participants in the project and biosamples are anonymised prior to release to scientific projects. Research results from tine scientific projects that use the resource are returned to the project on a case-by-case basis enabling correlation of results from different projects and the creation of a resource forfeiture bioinformatic studies. The studies that this project supports provide a wealth of information that can be used to define factors that confer increased risk for the development of thyroid cancer following a nuclear accident e.g. genetic predisposition, age at exposure and exposed dose, as well as seeking to understand the basic biology of thyroid cancer following radiation exposure and therefore more effective methods for monitoring and treatment.