Community Alcohol Outlet Density, Drunken Driving and Violence: Core Group Theory

描述(申请人提供)：这项研究将调查饮酒者和在网点饮酒，以确定社会机制，通过这些机制，酒后驾车和与酒精有关的暴力行为在社区中得以维持。周末晚上，加州六个社区的165家酒吧的顾客将在离开酒吧时接受调查，随后是电话调查。出口调查将以当晚的饮酒和社交互动为特征。电话调查将提供饮酒者特征和风险相关行为的背景测量(N H 1,620)。根据酒驾和暴力风险确定的特定门店的顾客和工作人员面谈，以及在总酒吧中随机抽样进行的酒吧观察，将描述可能强化问题行为的社会关系和规范。这些对BAR社会动态的定性评估将为定量研究提供信息并扩大范围。将检验三个假设：(1)社区社会组织混乱程度越大，酒后驾车和酒吧主顾的攻击性比例越高。(2)酒吧集中度越高，顾客在与风险特征相关的机构单位聚集的程度就越大。(3)顾客聚集度越高，高危网点的社会凝聚力就越大。这项拟议研究的短期目标是确定高危饮酒者是否聚集在酒店内的酒类销售点，以及在销售点浓度较高的地区是否会增加聚集性。这项研究的中期目标是启动对将问题行为维持在渠道内的社会过程的研究，确定使问题对变化具有弹性的社会结构。长期目标是为社区提供监管程序方面的指导，这些程序可能会改善与酒类销售点相关的社区问题。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究的目的是了解酒后驾车和与酒精有关的暴力在社区中是如何维持的，以便确定高危饮酒者是否聚集在社区内的特定酒吧，以及在酒吧众多的地区是否增加聚集。我们提议对加州六个社区的165个酒吧的顾客进行电话调查，通过门口调查招募他们，并对顾客和酒吧工作人员进行采访，这些酒吧被认为更有可能鼓励酒后驾车和暴力，并在所有酒吧中随机抽样观察。这项研究旨在检验这三个假说：(1)更高的社区社会组织化率(基于居民的相对社会经济地位)将与酒吧主顾酒后驾车和攻击性行为的更高比例相关；(2)一个地区更多的酒吧将与这些酒吧内根据顾客有问题饮酒、酒后驾车和暴力的可能性而更多地聚集在一起相关；以及(3)顾客以这种方式进行更多聚集将导致在被认定为酒后驾车和暴力的酒吧里的人之间的社会关系更加紧密。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research will examine drinkers and drinking at outlets to identify social mechanisms by which drunken driving and alcohol-related violence are maintained in communities. Patrons in 165 bars in six California communities will be surveyed on exit from bars on weekend nights, followed by a phone survey. The exit survey will characterize drinking and social interactions that evening. The telephone survey will provide background measures of drinkers' characteristics and risk related behaviors (N H 1,620). Patron and staff interviews in select outlets identified by risk for drinking-driving and violence, together with bar observations conducted in a random sample of the total bars, will characterize social relations and norms that may reinforce problem behaviors. These qualitative assessments of bar social dynamics will inform and extend quantitative studies. Three hypotheses will be tested: (1) Greater neighborhood social disorganization will be related to greater rates of drunken driving and aggression among bar patrons. (2) Greater bar concentrations will be related to greater clustering of patrons across establishments correlated with risk characteristics. (3) Greater clustering by patrons will result in greater social cohesion in high-risk outlets. The short-term goal of the proposed research is to determine whether at-risk drinkers cluster across on-premise alcohol outlets and whether clustering is increased in areas with high outlet concentrations. The mid-term goal of the study is to initiate studies of social processes that maintain problem behaviors within outlets, identifying social structures that make problems resilient to change. The long-term goal is to provide communities with guidance on regulatory processes that may ameliorate neighborhood problems related to alcohol outlets. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The aim of this study is to understand how drunken driving and alcohol-related violence are maintained in communities, in order to determine whether at-risk drinkers cluster in specific bars within communities, and whether clustering is increased in areas with many bars. We are proposing to conduct a telephone survey of bar patrons, recruited through a doorway survey, from 165 bars in six California communities, together with interviews with patrons and staff in a subset of bars identified as more likely to encourage drunken driving and violence, and observations in a random sample of all bars. The study aims to test these three hypotheses: (1) Higher rates of neighborhood "social disorganization" (based on relative socio-economic status of residents) will be related to higher rates of drunken driving and aggression among bar patrons; (2) More bars in an area will be related to more clustering, within these bars, of patrons according to their likelihood for problematic drinking, drunken driving, and violence; and (3) More clustering by patrons in this way will result in tighter social relations among people in bars identified with drunken driving and violence.