Sex Differences in Stress & Impulsivity in Cocaine Abusers

描述（由申请人提供）：可卡因使用在全国范围内仍然很普遍，对可卡因依赖的有效治疗仍然是一个挑战。许多因素都与药物依赖有关，包括压力、冲动和性别差异。我们的第一个假设是，冲动和可卡因使用之间存在一种相互关系。我们将检查冲动是否是可卡因使用的后果，通过在受控的实验室条件下获得吸食可卡因后的冲动的多重测量。此外，我们将确定冲动性是否是可卡因使用的一个预测因素，通过将冲动性的自我报告测量与在受控实验室条件下自我管理的吸食可卡因量联系起来。我们的第二个假设是压力调节可卡因的使用。我们将研究在受控的实验室条件下，生理和心理压力源对自我管理吸食可卡因的选择的影响。我们的第三个假设，也是贯穿始终的一个潜在主题是，性是冲动、压力和可卡因使用之间关系的调节因素。我们将确定依赖可卡因的男性和不寻求治疗的女性在冲动和压力方面的差异。在研究1中，我们将确定可卡因是否会增加冲动的行为测量。参与者将在吸食固定剂量的可卡因之前和之后执行各种行为冲动任务。在研究1中，我们还将确定三个冲动性自我报告测量的分数是否预测或与自我管理可卡因的选择相关。最后，作为研究2的一个环节，研究1将探讨是否吸烟固定剂量的可卡因改变各种主观应激反应。在研究2中，我们将确定暴露于心理实验室压力源（特里尔社会压力测试）和物理实验室压力源（冷压测试）是否会增加可卡因的自我给药。参与者将有机会在压力暴露后立即吸五剂可卡因；a无应力条件将作为控制。研究1和2将在寻求可卡因依赖的非治疗男性和女性中进行，以直接解决压力和冲动方面的性别差异。使用人类实验室模型收集的这些数据将对制定针对冲动行为、减轻压力和性别特异性治疗问题的差异治疗策略具有直接意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cocaine use is still prevalent nationwide and effective treatment for cocaine dependence remains a challenge. Many factors have been implicated in drug dependence, including stress, impulsivity and sex differences. Our first assumption is that there is a reciprocal relationship between impulsivity and cocaine use. We will examine if impulsivity is a consequence of cocaine use by obtaining multiple measure of impulsivity after smoked cocaine administration under controlled laboratory conditions. Further, we will determine if impulsivity is a predictor of cocaine use by relating self-report measures of impulsivity to the amount of smoked cocaine self-administered under controlled laboratory conditions. Our second assumption is that stress modulates cocaine use. We will examine the effect of a physical and a psychological stressor on the choice to self-administer smoked cocaine under controlled laboratory conditions. Our third assumption, and an underlying theme throughout, is that sex is a modulating factor in the relationship between impulsivity, stress and cocaine use. We will determine differences in impulsivity and stress between cocaine-dependent men and women not seeking treatment for their cocaine use. In Study 1, we will determine if cocaine administration increases behavioral measures of impulsivity. Participants will perform various behavioral impulsivity tasks before and after smoking fixed doses of cocaine. In Study 1, we will also determine if scores on three impulsivity self-report measures predict or correlate with choice to self-administer smoked cocaine. Finally, as a link to Study 2, Study 1 will explore whether fixed doses of smoked cocaine alter various subjective stress responses. In Study 2, we will determine whether exposure to a psychological laboratory stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) and a physical laboratory stressor (Cold Pressor Test) increases cocaine self-administration. Participants will have the opportunity to smoke five doses of cocaine immediately after stress exposure; a No Stress condition will serve as a control. Studies 1 and 2 will be conducted in non-treatment seeking cocaine-dependent men and women, to directly address sex differences in stress and impulsivity. These data collected using human laboratory models will have direct implications for developing differential treatment strategies targeting impulsive behavior, stress reduction, and gender-specific treatment issues.