Motion and Form Processing in Extrastriate Visual Cortex

描述（由申请人提供）：感官体验的联想回忆是感知的一部分。通过一个无处不在的自动化过程，不完整的，嘈杂的和模糊的信号从感官周边上升是充实和消除歧义的联想记忆。与这一观点相一致的是，对人类的功能性脑成像研究表明，视觉图像记忆的回忆与处理传入视觉刺激的相同皮层区域的自上而下的激活相关。使用神经生理学和行为学的方法相结合，我们最近开始探索自上而下的联想回忆信号在灵长类动物的视觉皮层的细胞水平，并将这些细胞信号与视觉图像和知觉。最重要的是，我们已经发现了高度特定的联想回忆信号在皮层视觉区MT，一个区域，在视觉运动处理中起着核心作用。我们的研究结果提出了一个新的模型系统，详细的定量调查的功能和神经元的图像记忆回忆的机制。我们已经提出了一系列的神经生理学和行为实验，旨在提高自上而下的回忆信号的来源和可塑性，它们在整个视觉皮层的分布，以及回忆和自下而上的视觉感觉之间的相互作用的理解。通过这些方法，我们希望揭示记忆，意象和感知之间的动态相互作用。该项目的长期目标是促进对感知和认知的生物基质的理解。对视觉皮层正常功能的详细了解将有助于深入了解视觉记忆、意象、做梦和知觉障碍表现（如幻觉）背后的神经事件。这些信息最终将有助于治疗和预防视觉感知和记忆的神经和神经精神障碍。这些目标与视觉和记忆障碍的假肢，行为和药物治疗的开发和使用有关。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Associative recall of sensory experiences is part-and-parcel of perception. Through a ubiquitous and automatic process, incomplete, noisy and ambiguous signals ascending from the sensory periphery are fleshed-out and disambiguated by associative memories. Consistent with this view, functional brain imaging studies in humans have shown that recall of visual pictorial memories is correlated with top-down activation of the same cortical areas that process incoming visual stimuli. Using a combination of neurophysiological and behavioral approaches, we have recently begun to explore top-down associative recall signals at the cellular level in primate visual cortex, and to relate these cellular signals to visual imagery and perception. Most importantly, we have discovered highly specific associative recall signals in cortical visual area MT, an area that plays a central role in visual motion processing. Our findings suggest a novel model system for detailed quantitative investigation of the functions and neuronal mechanisms of pictorial memory recall. We have proposed a series of neurophysiological and behavioral experiments designed to improve understanding of the source and plasticity of top-down recall signals, their distribution throughout visual cortex, and the interactions between recall and bottom-up visual sensations. By these means we hope to reveal the dynamic interplay between memory, imagery and perception. The long-term goal of this project is to contribute to the understanding of biological substrates of perception and cognition. Detailed knowledge of the normal functions of visual cortex shall provide insights into the neural events that underlie visual memory, imagery, dreaming and manifestations of perceptual disorders, such as hallucinations. Such information will ultimately aid in the treatment and prevention of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders of visual perception and memory. These aims are pertinent to the development and use of prosthetic, behavioral, and pharmacological therapies for the visually and mnemonically handicapped.