U HAWAII COBRE: ADMINISTRATIVE & MENTORING CORE

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 在过去的25年里，传染病在全球范围内急剧死灰复燃，从而使传染病重新成为世界范围内发病率和死亡率的主要原因。此外，传染病是亚太地区在新千年伊始面临的最重要的公共卫生和经济问题之一。在整个亚洲和大洋洲，肆无忌惮的人口增长和广泛的环境动荡，以及公共卫生基础设施的不知不觉地崩溃，助长了传染病的死灰复燃。通过飞机旅行的人、动物和昆虫媒介的流动也极大地促进了传染病的传播。最近的一个例子是在中断近60年后于2001年在夏威夷爆发登革热。因此，迫切需要提高传染病监测能力。 夏威夷大学马诺阿分校的战略地理位置和与亚太地区资源匮乏的发展中国家的密切联系使其在监测新发现的传染病的出现或引入和传播方面处于独特地位，如尼帕病毒脑炎和严重急性呼吸道综合征(SARS)。在此背景下，太平洋新发传染病研究中心正在发展成为传染病研究和培训的多学科卓越中心，并成为诊断和控制新的、新出现的和重新出现的微生物威胁的区域参考中心。调查的重点将是与感染人类乳头瘤病毒(导致妇女宫颈癌)和A组链球菌(导致急性风湿热)感染有关的风险因素。此外，将研究登革热病毒的免疫反应，作为旨在进行疫苗效力试验的更大计划的一部分。此外，研究的重点将是开发改进的对医学上重要的微生物疾病的快速诊断测试。这些传染病中的每一种都具有地方和区域重要性，并对夏威夷和亚太区域服务不足的少数族裔以及弱势或边缘化社区造成不成比例的影响。 全球60多个国家现已报告在家禽和候鸟中暴发禽流感病毒(H5N1或“禽流感”)感染。尽管人类感染H5N1病毒的人数相对较少(迄今200例病例中的大部分发生在越南、印度尼西亚和泰国)，但近50%的高死亡率加剧了人们的恐惧，并使人们越来越担心下一次人类流感大流行将会出现。1918年甲型H1N1流感大流行源于禽类，这进一步加剧了人们的担忧。亚洲目前发生的这些事件对太平洋岛国和美洲的公共卫生构成了真正的威胁，因为它们的快速和不受限制的喷气式飞机旅行以及已知的候鸟飞行路线。此外，当前和未来的经济损失都是巨大的。随着太平洋新发传染病研究中心的建立，作为传染病研究和培训的多学科卓越中心，夏威夷大学马诺阿分校将处于有利地位，为研究这种新的、正在出现的和重新出现的微生物威胁，特别是来自东南亚的微生物威胁做出有意义的贡献。 具体目标1.通过指导一批有前途的年轻教员干部开展对亚太地区具有重要医学意义的传染病的研究，建设机构能力。 具体目标2.通过加强指导能力和扩大技术支助基础设施的能力来提高研究竞争力。 具体目标3.通过有针对性地招聘和留住有资金的具有互补专长的教员，以及通过集中实验室空间和研究支助业务，使中心的研究广度和跨学科范围多样化。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. A dramatic global resurgence of infectious diseases has occurred during the past 25 years, such that infectious diseases have regained their position as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Moreover, infectious diseases are among the most important public health and economic problems facing the Asia-Pacific region at the beginning of the new millennium. Unbridled population growth and widespread environmental upheaval throughout Asia and Oceania, along with the insidious breakdown of the public health infrastructure, have contributed to the resurgence of infectious diseases. Movements of people, animals and insect vectors via jet travel have also greatly facilitated the dissemination of infectious diseases. A recent example is the outbreak of dengue fever in Hawaii in 2001, after a hiatus of nearly 60 years. Thus, heightened capacity for infectious diseases surveillance is urgently needed. The strategic geographic location and strong ties to resource-poor developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region places the University of Hawaii at Manoa in a unique position to monitor the emergence or introduction and spread of newly recognized infectious diseases, such as Nipah virus encephalitis and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Against this backdrop, the Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research is being developed as a multi-disciplinary center of excellence for research and training in infectious diseases and as a regional reference center for the diagnosis and control of new, emerging and re-emerging microbial threats. Investigations will focus on the risk factors associated with acquisition of infection with human papillomaviruses (which cause cervical cancer in women) and group A streptococci (which cause acute rheumatic fever). In addition, the immune responses to dengue viruses will be studied, as part of a larger program aimed at conducting vaccine efficacy trials. In addition, studies will focus on the development of improved rapid diagnostic tests for medically important microbial diseases. Each of these infectious diseases is of local and regional importance and disproportionately affect under-served ethnic minorities and disadvantaged or marginalized communities in Hawaii and the Asia-Pacific region. Outbreaks of avian influenza virus (H5N1 or "bird flu") infection in domestic fowl and migratory birds have now been reported in more than 60 countries worldwide. Although the number of H5N1 infections in humans has been relatively low (with most of the 200 cases occurring thus far in Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand), the high mortality rate of nearly 50% has heightened fear and produced growing anxiety that the next human influenza pandemic will emerge. That the 1918 H1N1 pandemic was of avian origin has further fueled concern. These current events in Asia pose a real threat to the public health of Pacific Island nations as well as the Americas, by virtue of rapid and unrestricted jet travel and the known flyways of migratory wild birds. Moreover, the current and future economic toll is enormous. With the establishment of the Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, as a multi-disciplinary center of excellence for research and training in infectious diseases, the University of Hawai'i at Manoa will be well positioned to make meaningful contributions to the study of such new, emerging and re-emerging microbial threats, especially those originating in southeast Asia. Specific Aim 1. Build institutional capacity by mentoring a cadre of promising young faculty to conduct research on infectious diseases of medical importance to the Asia-Pacific region. Specific Aim 2. Improve research competitiveness by enhancing the capacity for mentoring and expanding the capability of the technical support infrastructure. Specific Aim 3. Diversify the research breadth and trans-disciplinary scope of the Center through targeted recruitment and retention of funded faculty with complementary expertise and through centralization of laboratory space and research-support operations.