Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Muscular Dystrophy

描述(由申请人提供)：肌营养不良症，许多是由肌营养不良蛋白复合体编码蛋白的基因突变引起的，是最普遍和最具破坏性的人类疾病之一。目前还没有治愈方法，目前减缓肌肉退化的治疗方法大多无效。该应用程序的目标是将几种肌营养不良症的基本知识应用于开发治疗方法。在项目1中，杰弗里·张伯伦将分离替代类型的肌源性干细胞，通过基因转移纠正这些细胞中的主要遗传损伤，并探索将这些细胞用于移植到同基因、营养不良的小鼠。他将从营养不良的肌肉成纤维细胞中产生肌源性干细胞，并探索它们在体外和体内产生新肌肉组织的能力，并探索从营养不良肌肉中分离的周细胞的治疗用途。在项目2中，斯蒂芬·塔普斯科特将通过研究肌肉营养不良犬模型中的肌肉细胞移植来扩展细胞治疗方法。通过调节信号通路、细胞外基质成分和遗传操作，将探索促进移植供体细胞迁移和植入的方法。最后，将比较特定的肌肉来源细胞群体在体内重建犬骨骼肌的能力。在项目3中，史蒂芬·豪施卡将修改肌肉特异性调节盒，以在人类肌肉培养中提供高表达。然后，在免疫缺陷小鼠的人体肌肉移植中，AAV和慢病毒传递到人肌肉移植后，将在体内测试改良盒的治疗性蛋白的表达。克隆性卫星细胞分析和对异种移植损伤后人肌纤维再生的分析将确定卫星细胞池是否被稳定地转导。在项目4中，Stanley Froehner将研究一种新的代偿基因NPC1，它可以显著降低MDX小鼠肌肉营养不良表型的严重程度。NPC1表型改良的机制及其对LGMDs的适用性将被研究。两个核心设施将为参与的实验室提供服务。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The muscular dystrophies, many caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the dystrophin complex, are among the most prevalent and devastating human diseases. No cures exist and current treatments that slow muscle degeneration are largely ineffective. The goal of this application is to apply basic knowledge of several muscular dystrophies to developing therapeutic approaches. In project 1, Jeffrey Chamberlain will isolate alternative types of myogenic stem cells, correct the primary genetic lesion in these cells by gene transfer, and explore the use of such cells for transplantation into syngeneic, dystrophic mice. He will generate myogenic stem cells from dystrophic muscle fibroblasts and explore their ability to generate new muscle tissue in vitro and in vivo and explore the therapeutic use of pericytes isolated from dystrophic muscle. In project 2, Stephen Tapscott will expand the cell therapy approach by examining muscle cell transplantation in the canine model of muscular dystrophy. Enhancement of migration and engraftment of transplanted donor cells will be explored by modulating signaling pathways and extracellular matrix components and genetic manipulations. Finally, specific muscle derived cell populations will be compared for their ability to reconstitute canine skeletal muscle in vivo. In project 3, Stephen Hauschka will modify muscle-specific regulatory cassettes to provide high expression in human muscle cultures. Modified cassettes will then be tested in vivo for expression of therapeutic proteins after AAV and Lentiviral delivery to human muscle xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Clonal satellite cell assays and analysis of human muscle fiber regeneration following xenograft injury will determine whether the satellite cell pool has been stably transduced. In project 4, Stanley Froehner will study a new compensatory gene, NPC1, which markedly reduces the severity of the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mouse muscle. The mechanism of NPC1 phenotype amelioration and its applicability to LGMDs will be studied. Two core facilities will serve the participating laboratories.