Perceptions of Community-level Violence & Unintended Pregnancy among Urban Women

描述（由申请人提供）：城市妇女对社区暴力和意外怀孕的看法 意外怀孕（UP）是一种在受孕时时机不当或不想要的怀孕，是与不一致的避孕措施相关的各种风险因素的结果。未婚妇女、少数民族妇女或城市妇女、受教育程度有限的妇女、生活贫困的妇女、处于生育年龄最小阶段的妇女以及经历过人际暴力的妇女中，UP的发生率很高。该项目将审查人际暴力的作用以及社区一级暴力对城市年轻妇女意外怀孕风险的看法。这项建议将涉及在坦普尔大学附属计划生育诊所寻求护理的年轻、城市、非怀孕、性活跃的妇女中完成300份面对面的基线和9个月的随访问卷，以： 社区暴力的感知和人际暴力的经历对UP的风险，和2）确定弹性促进因素和抑郁症状对这种关系的调节作用。这些发现可能会极大地扩展对个体特征的理解，这些特征与为什么一些年轻的城市女性会这样做，而其他年轻的城市女性不会采取安全的性行为来预防UP有关。 从拟议的研究所产生的数据将允许准确评估的直接作用，社区一级的暴力对UP，和量化的重要性，缓和弹性因素之间的关系社区暴力，人际暴力和风险之间的关系，青年，城市妇女。 这些研究结果将极大地扩大在UP领域的研究，允许个人和社区暴力的作用的非怀孕，性活跃的城市妇女的人口为基础的群体中的意外怀孕的风险进行复杂的检查。这些结果将为干预措施提供信息，以解决可能在城市环境中意外怀孕风险中发挥作用的文化和结构特定因素。我们期望将这项研究转化为行动，特别是考虑到这些建议的重点是确定影响年轻，低收入，城市妇女UP风险的可改变，调节因素。 公共卫生相关性：评估年轻的城市妇女的复原力，可以提供一个框架，了解为什么一个子集的妇女暴露于暴力的做法不一致的避孕药具的使用，并在意外怀孕（UP）的高风险。使用社会生态方法和弹性模型的基础上，拟议的研究将招募300名年轻，非怀孕，性活跃的妇女和收集基线和9个月的后续调查，以确定社区/人际暴力和UP之间的关系弹性的直接和修改的作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Perceptions of Community-level Violence and Unintended Pregnancy among Urban Women An unintended pregnancy (UP) is a pregnancy that is either mistimed or unwanted at the time of conception and is the result of various risk factors associated with inconsistent contraceptive use. High rates of UP occur among unmarried women, minority or urban women, women with limited education, women living in poverty, women at the youngest spectrum of their reproductive years, and women who have experienced interpersonal violence. This project will examine the role of interpersonal violence and perception of community-level violence on the risk of unintended pregnancy among young, urban women. This proposal will involve the completion of 300 in-person baseline and 9-month follow- up questionnaires among young, urban, non-pregnant, sexually active women seeking care at Temple University-affiliated family planning clinics to: 1) assess the independent role of perceptions of community violence and experiences of interpersonal violence on the risk of UP, and 2) identify the moderating effect of resiliency promotive factors and depressive symptoms on this relationship. These findings may dramatically expand the understanding of the individual characteristics which are involved with why some young, urban women do and other young, urban women do not practice safe sexual behaviors to prevent UP. The data generated from the proposed study will allow an accurate assessment of the direct role of community-level violence on UP, and a quantification of the importance of moderating resiliency factors on the relationship between community violence, interpersonal violence and risk of UP among young, urban women. These findings will vastly expand the research in the area of UP by allowing a complex examination of the role of individual and community violence on the risk of unintended pregnancy among a population-based group of non-pregnant, sexually active urban women. These results will inform interventions to address the culturally and structurally specific factor that may play a role in the risk of unintended pregnancy in an urban setting. We anticipate the translation of this research into action particularly given the proposals focus on identifying modifiable, moderating factors that affect UP risk among young, low-income, urban women. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Assessing resiliency among young, urban women may provide a framework for understanding why a subset of women exposed to violence practice inconsistent contraceptive use and are at high risk for an unintended pregnancy (UP). Using a social ecological approach and building on the resiliency model, the proposed study will enroll 300 young, non-pregnant, sexually active women and collect baseline and 9-month follow-up surveys to identify the direct and modifying role of resiliency on the relation between community/ interpersonal violence and UP.