Determinants of cancer risk in low-income housing

多种且往往相互关联的行为会增加癌症风险，包括吸烟、缺乏体育锻炼和饮食模式。与癌症风险相关的行为不成比例地集中在社会经济地位较低的群体以及一些少数民族和少数族裔中。这些差异反映了一系列潜在的社会和身体因素。制定有效的干预措施以缩小这些差距，需要对人们日常生活的结构有一个实用的了解。这项研究的目的是通过应用一个社会背景框架来理解风险相关行为的差异，在不同种族的低收入住房居民中阐明癌症风险相关行为的社会和物理决定因素。本研究还将利用这些信息开发针对这一背景的癌症预防干预措施，从而为未来的干预研究奠定坚实的基础。住房开发作为癌症预防干预措施的环境具有重要的前景，也提供了解决潜在环境危害的机会。了解居民暴露在危险环境和社会条件下的性质和程度，以及这些因素是如何根据一系列重要的个人特征形成的，对于努力减少按种族/族裔和社会阶层划分的健康差距至关重要。数据将从居民个人和实际环境中收集，将包括定性数据(参与者观察和焦点小组)；居民调查(N=1000名居民)；以及环境评估(N=20个住房开发项目中的1000个住房单位)。因此，本研究的具体目的是：(1)描述居民的健康行为、住宅开发中的有害环境暴露、住宅开发中的社会条件以及居民特征；(2)考察有害环境暴露、住宅开发中的社会条件和居民特征之间的关联；(3)检验有害环境暴露和社会条件与居民健康行为的关系；以及(4)将研究结果应用于低收入住房开发项目的癌症预防干预设计，以供未来试验测试。清晰明了的假设规定了这里要考察的关联的性质。

Multiple and often interrelated behaviors increase cancer risk, including tobacco use, physical inactivity, and dietary patterns. Cancer risk-related behaviors are disproportionately concentrated in lower socioeconomic status groups and among some ethnic and racial minorities. These disparities reflect an array of underlying social and physical factors. Developing effective interventions to reduce these disparities requires an applied understanding of the day-to-day fabric of people's lives. The purpose of this study is to elucidate social and physical determinants of cancer risk-related behaviors within an ethnically diverse sample of residents of low-income housing, by applying a social contextual framework for understanding disparities in risk-related behaviors. This study will also use this information to develop a cancer prevention intervention for this setting, thereby laying a solid foundation for future intervention research. Housing developments hold significant promise as a setting for cancer prevention interventions and also offer opportunities to address potential environmental hazards. Understanding the nature and extent of residents' exposures to hazardous environmental and social conditions and the ways in which these factors are patterned by a range of important individual characteristics, is critical to efforts to reduce health disparities by race/ethnicity and social class. Data will be collected from individual residents and on the physical environment, and will include qualitative data (participant observation and focus groups); a Residents' Survey (N = 1000 residents); and an Environmental Assessment (N = 1000 housing units within 20 housing developments). Accordingly, the specific aims of this study are to: (1) describe residents' health behaviors, hazardous environmental exposures in the housing development, social conditions in the housing development, and resident characteristics; (2) examine associations among hazardous environmental exposures, social conditions at the housing development, and resident characteristics; (3) examine associations among hazardous environmental exposures and social conditions with resident health behaviors; and (4) apply the results of the study to the design of a cancer prevention intervention for low income housing developments, for testing in a future trial. Clearly articulated hypotheses specify the nature of associations to be examined here.