COBRE: UID: PILOT: RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TIME POSTPARTUM

这个子项目是许多利用资源的研究子项目之一 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目的主要支持 而子项目的主要调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括其它NIH来源。 列出的子项目总成本可能 代表子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 而不是由NCRR赠款提供给子项目或子项目工作人员的直接资金。 人类微生物组计划（HMP）已经确定了人体中存在不同的肠道（“友好”）微生物群的许多位点;越来越多的文献表明， 这些社区与短期和长期健康有关。一个不在HMP清单上的部位是哺乳期乳房，尽管乳腺和乳汁中存在肠道微生物群可能会对母亲和儿童的健康产生重大影响。我们的初步数据表明，事实上，哺乳期妇女的乳汁确实具有丰富多样的微生物组。因此，母乳喂养的婴儿不仅从牛奶中获得营养和其他生物活性成分，而且还获得细菌接种物。作为 因此，母乳喂养的一些健康益处，例如降低婴儿肥胖和过敏以及妇女患乳腺癌的风险，可能与乳汁/乳房微生物群的变化有关。我们建议扩展我们对这种独特的微生物组的初步分析，以调查变化（或缺乏）。 在产后的前4个月期间，以及与乳房上皮细胞以及婴儿的胃肠道（口腔和粪便）上发现的微生物群的关系。这将使我们能够确定每个部位的相应变化和细菌的可能来源。此外，我们将把丰富性和 乳汁/乳房微生物组的多样性与乳汁中的营养物质、母体饮食摄入量、产次、分娩方式和其他人体测量数据，如母体体重指数。从这些研究中获得的长期公共卫生益处最终可能会扩大到降低儿童和成人肥胖率， 以及乳房疾病（例如，乳腺炎和乳腺癌）。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) has identified many sites in the human body where diverse communities of commensal ("friendly") microbiota exist; and a growing literature suggests that variations in these communities are related to short- and long-term health. One site not on the HMP list is the lactating breast, although the presence of commensal microbiota in the mammary gland and milk would likely have significant impacts the health of both the mother and child. Our preliminary data demonstrate that milk from lactating women does, in fact, have a rich and diverse microbiome. The breastfed infant, therefore, receives not only the nutrients and other biologically active components from milk but also an inoculum of bacteria. As such, it is possible that some of the health benefits of breastfeeding, such as reductions of risk for obesity and allergy in the infant and breast cancer in women, are related to variations in milk/mammary microbiota. We propose to extend our preliminary analysis of this unique microbiome to investigate changes (or lack thereof) during the first 4 mo postpartum and relationships with microbiota found on breast epithelia as well as the infant's gastrointestinal tract (mouth and feces). This will allow us to determine the corresponding changes in each site and possible source(s) of the bacteria. Additionally, we will relate the richness and diversity of the milk/mammary microbiome with nutrients in milk, maternal dietary intake, parity, delivery mode, and other anthropometric data such as maternal body mass index. Long-term public health benefits gleaned from these studies may ultimately extend to a reduction in rates of childhood and adult obesity as well as breast disease (e.g., mastitis and breast cancer).