SUD & Decision-Making: A Pilot Imaging Study of Parents & Children

描述（由申请人提供）：来自行为和神经影像学研究的越来越多的证据表明，执行功能的特定损伤是物质使用障碍（SUD）开始和维持的关键标志。该提案是一项试点神经影像学研究，旨在确定可行性和建立全面研究的参数，该研究将调查决策和认知控制的行为和神经相关性，以确定物质使用障碍（sud）易感性的标记。我们建议一个包括儿童精神病学流行病学、神经影像学、决策科学、儿童和青少年神经精神病学以及物质使用障碍研究人员在内的高度成功的跨学科团队进行合作。本试点研究借鉴了两项正在进行的纵向精神病学研究（N=1,120），其中一项是涉及刑事司法系统的母亲（CJS） （N=580； 5RO1 DA23733：母亲监禁和儿童精神病理学过程：PI: Hoven），另一项是涉及刑事司法系统的父亲及其子女（N=580; 5R01DA024029；父亲刑事司法参与和儿童和青少年物质使用：PI: Hoven）)。每项研究都有一个匹配的基于年龄和性别的儿童对照。拟议的试点研究将招募患有或不患有SUD的父母及其12 - 15岁的子女（总N=48）。在亲子二人组中，我们将研究有证据表明SUD个体存在缺陷的三个领域：1)对情绪冲突的认知控制，通过情绪冲突解决任务测量；2)跨期选择的认知控制，通过跨期选择任务测量；3)风险下的决策制定，通过哥伦比亚卡片任务测量。通过将这些任务结合在一起，并同时研究父母和他们的孩子，我们将能够彻底表征多层决策谱及其潜在的神经回路，这些神经回路可能会区分患有和没有SUD的父母，以及患有和阴性SUD家族史的儿童。因此，本研究的发现可能对未来早期识别弱势青少年的策略，以及基于特定神经行为机制制定SUD的预防和治疗干预措施产生重大影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is mounting evidence from behavioral and neuroimaging studies that specific impairments in executive functioning are key hallmarks of the initiation and maintenance of Substance Use Disorders (SUD). This proposal is for a Pilot neuroimaging study which aims to determine the feasibility and establish parameters for a Full-Scale study which will investigate the behavioral and neural correlates of decision making and cognitive control in order to identify markers of vulnerability to Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). We propose a collaboration involving a highly accomplished interdisciplinary team including child psychiatric epidemiology, neuroimaging, decision science, child and adolescent neuropsychiatry, and substance use disorders researchers. This Pilot study draws on two ongoing longitudinal psychiatric epidemiological studies (N=1,120), one of mothers involved with the criminal justice system (CJS) (N=580; 5RO1 DA23733: Maternal Incarceration and Course of Child Psychopathology: PI: Hoven) and another of fathers involved with the criminal justice system and their children (N=580; 5R01DA024029; Paternal Criminal Justice Involvement and Substance Use in Children & Adolescents: PI: Hoven)). Each study has a matched child control based on age and gender. The proposed Pilot study will recruit mothers and fathers with and without SUD and their 12 - 15 year old children (total N=48). In parent-child dyads, we will examine three domains in which there is evidence for deficits in SUD individuals: 1) cognitive control over emotional conflict, as measured by the Emotional Conflict Resolution Task, 2) cognitive control in intertemporal choices, as measured by the Intertemporal Choice Task, and 3) decision making under risk, as measured by the Columbia Card Task. By using these tasks together, and studying parents and their children simultaneously, we will be able to thoroughly characterize multilevel decisional profiles and their underlying neurocircuitry that might differentiate parents with and without SUD, and children with positive and negative family histories of SUD. Therefore, findings from this research could have significant impact on future strategies for early identification of vulnerable adolescents, and for developing preventive and treatment interventions for SUD based on specific neurobehavioral mechanisms.