Factors Influencing the Health Behavior of Young African American Adults

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请为家庭和社区健康研究（FACHS）的延续和扩展寻求资金，该研究包括大约900个非裔美国家庭。目前已经收集了四波数据。每一波包括对目标儿童（目标；第1波10/11岁）和目标主要照顾者（PC）的访谈；再加上一名二级护理员（SC）和一名年长的兄弟姐妹（sib；第1波13/14岁），如果他们有空的话。第5波和第6波将把目标和兄弟姐妹带入一个发展期，即刚成年期（EA），这一阶段已被证明是与药物使用和滥用有关的问题发展的关键时期，也是高风险性行为的关键时期，包括艾滋病毒风险。基于前四波的分析提供了有关家庭互动、社区环境、种族歧视和性格（如气质、自我控制）共同影响青少年健康行为的方式的宝贵信息，包括他们的物质使用和性行为。以原型/意愿模型为理论基础，我们重点研究了调节这些影响的因素（缓冲因素和风险因素），以及调节这些影响的认知和倾向。以前的一些研究已经检查了EA期间风险行为的变化，但很少有研究的优势在于还包括了一系列可以追溯到青春期前的重要测量，在这种情况下，比典型的风险行为发生年龄早2-3年。这方面的现有研究很少包括非裔美国人家庭；其中没有一个还包括重要的背景措施（例如，社区风险、GIS数据）和来自其他家庭成员的广泛数据，包括他们的物质使用、风险认知、养育方式和性格特征。总之，在许多方面，现有的FACHS项目和FACHS样本都是独一无二的。这一建议旨在从三个方面扩大家庭卫生保健项目：(a)在目标和兄弟姐妹过渡到家庭卫生服务时进行跟踪，重点关注影响其药物使用和滥用习惯及其危险性行为的因素；(b)从目标人群收集遗传数据，以便从主要影响和基因与环境（GxE）的相互作用和相关性方面考察基因对其健康风险行为的影响，从而使我们能够考察主要以高加索样本建立的研究结果在多大程度上可用于讨论非裔美国人的药物使用和药物使用障碍的发展；(c)从目标的最好的朋友和恋人（如果他们有的话）那里收集关于相同的风险认知和健康行为（他们自己和目标的）的数据。这两个额外的来源将提供有关年轻非裔美国人的危险行为和影响这些行为的社会因素的有用信息。项目的叙述

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks funding for continuation and expansion of the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS), which includes approximately 900 African American families. Four waves of data have already been collected. Each wave included interviews with a target child (target; age 10/11 at Wave 1) and the target's primary caregiver (PC); plus a secondary caregiver (SC) and an older sibling (sib; age 13/14 at Wave 1), when they were available. Waves 5 and 6 will take the targets and sibs into a developmental period emerging adulthood (EA) that has been shown to be critical in terms of the development of problems associated with substance use and abuse, and also risky sexual behavior, including HIV risk. Analyses based on the first four waves have provided valuable information regarding the manner in which family interaction, community context, racial discrimination, and disposition (e.g., temperament, self-control) combine to influence the adolescents' health behaviors, including their substance use and sexual behavior. Using the prototype / willingness model as a theoretical base, we have focused on factors that moderate these influences (as buffers and risk factors), and the cognitions and dispositions that mediate them. Some previous studies have examined changes in risk behavior during EA, but few of them have the advantage of also including a significant array of measures dating back to preadolescence, in this case, 2-3 years prior to the typical age of risk behavior onset. Very few existing studies in this area include African American families; none of them also includes significant contextual measures (e.g., neighborhood risk, GIS data) and extensive data from other family members, including their substance use, risk cognitions, parenting styles, and dispositional characteristics. In short, in many ways, the existing FACHS project and the FACHS sample are unique. This proposal is designed to expand the FACHS project in three ways: (a) Follow the targets and sibs as they transition into EA, focusing on factors that influence their substance use and abuse habits and their risky sexual behavior; (b) Collect genetic data from the targets in order to examine the influence of genes in terms of main effects and gene x environment (GxE) interactions and correlations on their health risk behaviors, thereby allowing us to examine the extent to which findings established primarily with Caucasian samples can be used to inform the discussion of substance use and the development of substance use disorders (SUDs) in African Americans; and (c) Collect data from the targets' best friend and romantic partner, if they have one, regarding the same risk cognitions and health behaviors (their own and the target's). These two additional sources will provide useful information about the risk behaviors of young African Americans and the social factors that influence those behaviors.7. PROJECT NARRATIVE This project will provide information about the environmental, psychosocial, and genetic factors that influence the substance use and risky sexual behavior of African American adolescents as they move into early adulthood. This information will be of use in terms of furthering understanding of the etiology of HIV risk and substance abuse, and informing the development of interventions that will reduce the risk of these negative health outcomes.