ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE LARGE BISTRATIFIED GANGLION CELL

这个子项目是利用资源的许多研究子项目之一。 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。对子项目的主要支持 子项目的首席调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括美国国立卫生研究院的其他来源。为子项目列出的总成本可能 表示该子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 不是由NCRR赠款提供给次级项目或次级项目工作人员的直接资金。 颜色感知是我们视觉系统的关键特征之一，它允许与我们的环境进行适当的交互。因此，研究形成色觉基础的神经机制是视网膜神经科学领域的主要目标之一。色彩信号的处理已经在视网膜层面开始了，在那里不同视锥感光器类型的光反应被‘比较’和调制。在其他哺乳动物物种中，人类和许多非人类灵长类动物表现出最发达的色觉系统之一。该系统基于三种色调锥体类型(红色、绿色和蓝色)。视网膜神经节细胞接收和处理视锥细胞的信号，并将它们发送到大脑的高级视觉中心。到目前为止，对灵长类视网膜颜色编码神经节细胞的研究主要集中在两种不同的细胞类型：侏儒神经节细胞(红绿处理)和小双层神经节细胞(蓝黄处理)。然而，更多的灵长类神经节细胞类型已经被发现，它们对色光刺激表现出与颜色相反的反应。尽管仍缺乏详细的分析，但可以预料，这些细胞类型在灵长类动物的色觉中也起着重要作用。这些细胞类型包括大的双层神经节细胞，它被认为显示蓝黄色的对手反应，类似于在小的双层细胞中观察到的。本项目的目的是对灵长类视网膜中大型双层神经节细胞的解剖和生理特性进行全面的研究。主要的焦点将集中在神经元通路和突触机制的分析上，这是这种细胞类型的染色调谐反应的基础。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. Color perception is one of the key features of our visual system that permits an appropriate interaction with our environment. Hence, the investigation of neuronal mechanisms forming the basis for color vision is one of the major goals in the field of retinal neuroscience. Processing of color signals starts already at the level of the retina, where the light responses of the different cone photoreceptor types are 'compared' and modulated. Among other mammalian species, humans and many of the non-human primates show one of the most highly developed systems for color vision. This system is based on three chromatically tuned cone types (red, green, and blue). Retinal ganglion cells receive and process the cones' signals and send them to higher visual centers of the brain. Up to date, research on color-coded ganglion cells of the primate retina focused on two distinct cell types: the midget ganglion cell (red-green processing) and the small bistratified ganglion cell (blue-yellow processing). However, further primate ganglion cell types have been discovered, which showed color-opponent responses to chromatic light stimuli. Though a detailed analysis is still missing, one can expect that these cell types also play a fundamental role in primate color vision. These cell types include the large bistratified ganglion cell, which is supposed to show blue-yellow opponent responses, similar to what has been observed in the small bistratified cell. The aim of this project is to provide a comprehensive study on the anatomical and physiological properties of the large bistratified ganglion cell in the primate retina. The main focus will be directed at the analysis of the neuronal pathways and the synaptic mechanisms, underlying the chromatically tuned responses of this cell type.