Etiologic Studies of Prostate Cancer

该项目调查一系列营养和相关因素，集中于维生素E、D和其他微量营养素、能量平衡、胰岛素和生长因子、激素和遗传因素在几个项目中的作用，这些项目包括α-生育酚、β-胡萝卜素癌症预防(ATBC)研究、NCI乳腺癌和前列腺癌队列联盟(BPC3)、硒和维生素E癌症预防试验(SELECT)、NIH-美国退休人员协会(AARP)研究、前列腺癌、肺癌、结直肠癌和卵巢癌筛查(PLCO)试验以及前列腺癌预防生物学试验(PCPT)。其中一些涉及发现前列腺癌基因决定因素的联合方法，这些因素有助于我们了解这种恶性肿瘤和一些假想的生物学途径。这些基因正在作为候选基因并通过GWA进行评估，包括循环营养表型(这是一个新发现的领域，为前列腺癌和其他癌症提供了有用的线索)。已经对循环中的胰岛素样生长因子和胰岛素进行了研究，发现两者之间有很强的病因学联系，而较高的雄激素状态被证明不是一个重要的危险因素。ATBC研究中的新的前列腺癌病例对照数据显示，25OH-维生素D与前列腺癌的相关性很强，维生素D代谢和信号基因以及测试基因-营养相互作用正在进行检查。

The project investigates a range of nutritional and related factors, concentrating on the role of vitamins E, D and other micronutrients, energy balance, insulin and growth factors, hormones, and genetic factors within several projects, including the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3), the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), the NIH-American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) Study, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening (PLCO) Trial, and the Biology of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) Project. Some of these involve consortium approaches to discovering genetic determinants of prostate cancer that have contributed to our knowledge of this malignancy and some hypothesized biological pathways. The genes are being evaluated as candidates and through GWAS, including of circulating nutrient phenotypes (a new area of discovery that is providing useful leads with respect to prostate and other cancers). Circulating insulin-like growth factors and insulin have been studied, with strong etiologic associations found, whereas higher androgen status was shown to not be an important risk factor. New prostate case-control data in the ATBC Study showed a strong positive 25OH-vitamin D-prostate cancer association, and vitamin D metabolizing and signaling genes and testing gene-nutrient interactions are being examined.