INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管在公共卫生和医学治疗方面取得了进步，但传染病仍然是世界范围内发病率和死亡率的主要原因，即使在发达国家，由于新出现的病原体、艾滋病或其他免疫损害条件以及抗菌素耐药性等因素，传染病也造成了相当大的经济和社会损失。1980年至1992年间，美国不包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病在内的传染病死亡率上升了22%。目前，传染病是美国第三大死亡原因，也是全球第一大死亡原因。沙门氏菌和结核分枝杆菌等常见的细菌病原体每年继续造成数百万人死亡，而大肠杆菌0157:H7和社区获得性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌等其他病原体已成为新的威胁。最近生物恐怖主义的幽灵只会加剧人们的担忧，即需要更好地了解感染的发病机制。培训能够阐明微生物发病机制的新科学家对于制定预防、诊断和治疗传染病的改进战略至关重要。这个申请是为了重新支持细菌发病机制的培训项目，该项目围绕着一个已建立的、高度互动的跨学科研究社区和华盛顿大学。该计划的目标是为寻求了解细菌病原体与其宿主之间相互作用的基本细胞和分子机制的前和博士后学员提供全面的跨学科培训和指导。这种培训最终将使他们能够以独立研究者的身份获得新的科学见解，从而为预防和管理传染病找到新的方法。相关性（见说明）：这是一个为研究细菌感染（如伤寒和肺结核）的科学家提供研究培训的项目。增进对这些情况的了解对于制定预防和治疗人类感染的改进战略至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite advances in public health and medical therapeutics, infectious diseases continue to represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide which extracts a considerable financial and societal toll even in developed countries due to factors such as emerging pathogens, AIDS or other immunocompromising conditions, and antimicrobial resistance. Between 1980 and 1992, the U.S. death rate from infectious diseases, excluding HIV/AIDS, rose by 22%. Infectious diseases are presently the third leading cause of death in the U.S. and the leading cause worldwide. Familiar bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella and Mycobacterium tuberculosis continue to contribute to the deaths of millions of people each year, while other pathogens such as Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and community-acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus have emerged as new threats. The recent specter of bioterrorism has only served to heighten concern that a better understanding of the pathogenesis of infection is needed. The training of new scientists who can elucidate basic mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis will be critical for the formulation of improved strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat infectious diseases. This application for renewed support of a Training Program in Bacterial Pathogenesis centers around an established and highly interactive interdisciplinary research community and the University of Washington. The goal of the program is to provide comprehensive interdisciplinary training and mentorship for pre- and post-doctoral trainees who seek to understand fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of the interactions between bacterial pathogens and their hosts. This training will ultimately allow them to obtain new scientific insights as independent investigators that can lead to novel approaches for the prevention and management of infectious diseases. RELEVANCE (See instructions): This is a program to provide research training to scientists who study bacterial infections such as typhoid and tuberculosis. An increased understanding of these conditions will be essential for the development of improved strategies for the prevention and treatment of human infections.