Early Life Adversity, Sleep, and Cardiovascular Risk in Black and White Men

描述（由申请人提供）：与白人相比，黑人男性过早死亡和心血管疾病（CVD）的比例不成比例，可能部分原因是黑人在整个生命周期中更多地暴露于风化假说所建议的社会和经济逆境中。这一应用表明(a)成年期心血管疾病的黑白差异源于早期与种族相关的累积逆境；(b)必须同时考虑个人、家庭和社区层面的早期生活暴露。在风化假说中没有强调的是，个人内部和人际关系以及文化资源也可能在生命过程中积累（称为储备能力），并缓和早期生活逆境的影响；也可能有一个暴露于不良生活事件的关键时期。睡眠可能是一个重要的因素，因为它可能与种族和社会经济地位（SES）有关，也可能与心血管疾病事件有关。本应用程序主要关注睡眠、最佳心血管（CV）健康（由AHA标准定义）和心血管疾病风险在一项基于人群的研究中的发展前因，这些研究对象是中年黑人和白人男性，他们从一年级开始就被跟踪。他们的健康行为、学术和社会能力已被反复评估；父母健康行为、养育方式和家庭经济地位；和社区特征，包括人口普查跟踪SES，暴力暴露，社区凝聚力和参与；这些措施已归纳为适合发展的时期。在300名30多岁的男性中，我们建议收集心血管生物标志物、社会心理风险因素和睡眠的测量数据，以测试以下内容：1)黑人/白人在睡眠、最佳心血管健康、心血管疾病风险和睡眠方面的差异程度；2)早期不良的家庭和社区环境，特别是在青春期，是否预测成人最佳心血管健康、心血管疾病风险和睡眠；③储备能力是否降低了早期不利环境的影响。从这个项目中获得的知识可能会确定早期生活经历及其时间，使黑人男性特别容易患心血管疾病。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Black men suffer disproportionately from premature mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to their white counterparts, perhaps in part due to blacks' greater exposure to social and economic adversity across the life span as suggested by the weathering hypothesis. This application suggests that (a) black-white differences in CVD in adulthood stem from cumulative adversity correlated with race much earlier in life; and (b) early life exposures at the individual, family, and neighborhood level mus be considered simultaneously. Not emphasized in the weathering hypothesis is that intra- and inter-personal and cultural resources also may accumulate over the life course (labeled reserve capacity) and moderate effects of early life adversity; and that there may also be a critical perio exposure to adverse life events. Sleep may be an important factor here because of its likely relation to race and socioeconomic status (SES), and possibly to CVD events. This application focuses on the developmental antecedents of sleep, optimal cardiovascular (CV) health (defined by AHA criteria), and CVD risk in a population-based study of middle-aged black and white men who have been followed since they were enrolled in the first grade. They have been assessed repeatedly for health behaviors and academic and social competence; parent health behaviors, parenting practices, and household SES; and neighborhood characteristics, including census track SES, violence exposure, and community cohesiveness and involvement; these measures have been summarized into developmentally appropriate periods. In 300 men now in their late thirties, we propose to collect measures of CV biomarkers and psychosocial risk factors and sleep to test the following: 1) the extent of black/white differences in sleep, optimal CV health, and CVD risk, and sleep; 2) whether early adverse family and neighborhood environments, particularly during adolescence, predict adult optimal CV health, CVD risk, and sleep; and 3) if reserve capacity reduces the impact of early adverse environments. Knowledge gained from this project may identify the early life experiences and their timing that render black men particularly vulnerable to later CVD.