Characterizing Prescription Drug Use in a Representative Sample of U.S. Drivers

描述（由申请人提供）：在美国，药物影响下驾驶（DUID）已经成为一个备受关注的问题。2007年全国路边调查（NRS），由我们在piire的研究小组成员进行，发现16.3%的司机药检呈阳性——合法的和非法的——这些药物有可能影响驾驶。2011年国家药物控制战略随后将DUID列为其三大政策重点之一，并提出到2015年将DUID减少10%。尽管减少DUID的努力适用于服用任何可能造成损害的药物的司机，包括处方药，但没有人估计这些司机中有多少人服用合法处方的药物，这些司机中有多少人被告知药物的损害潜力，以及他们在使用这些药物时感知到的损害和/或被捕的风险。PIRE被美国国家公路交通安全管理局选为2013年NRS的领导者，这为快速有效地填补处方药相关DUID的知识空白提供了一个绝佳的机会，该样本来自48个相邻州的约9,000名美国司机，具有全国代表性。具体来说，本R21申请提出了NRS的处方药调查补充，与NRS协议中已经包含的药物的唾液测试结果一起，将有助于实现以下研究目标：目标1：产生以下驾驶员的详细特征：(a)使用有可能损害驾驶的处方药，(b)他们正在服用的药物有处方，(c)服用的药物超过处方。我们将估计这三类的患病率，并根据性别、年龄、种族/民族、教育程度和收入，以及驾驶行为、犯罪历史和酒精使用来检查差异。目标2：确定有多少服用处方药物的司机收到了来自他们的医疗服务提供者、药房工作人员或处方警告标签关于损害驾驶的警告。与目标1一样，我们将研究接收这些警告与驾驶员人口统计和其他相关特征之间的关系。目标3：检查司机对处方药可能(a)损害驾驶能力和(b)增加驾驶能力的可能性的看法

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) has become an issue of intense concern in the United States. The 2007 National Roadside Survey (NRS), conducted by members of our research team at PIRE, found that 16.3% of drivers tested positive for drugs - both licit and illicit - that have the potential to impair driving. The 2011 National Drug Control Strategy subsequently cited DUID as one of its top three policy priorities and proposed to reduce DUID by 10% by 2015. Although efforts to reduce DUID apply to drivers taking any drug with impairment potential, including prescription drugs, there are no estimates of how many of these drivers are taking drugs that are legitimately prescribed, the proportion of these drivers who have been given information on the impairment potential of their medications, and their perceived risk of impairment and/or arrest while using these medications. PIRE has been chosen by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to lead the 2013 NRS, presenting an outstanding opportunity to quickly and efficiently fill these gaps in knowledge regarding prescription drug-related DUID in a nationally representative sample of approximately 9,000 U.S. drivers from the 48 contiguous states. Specifically, this R21 application proposes a prescription drug survey supplement to the NRS that, along with the results of saliva testing for drugs already included in the NRS protocol, would facilitate fulfillment of the following research aims: Aim 1: Produce a detailed characterization of drivers who (a) use prescription medications that have the potential to impair driving, (b) have a prescription for the drug they are taking, an (c) take more of the drug than prescribed. We will estimate prevalence for these three categories and examine variation by gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, and income, as well as by driving behaviors, offense histories, and alcohol use. Aim 2: Determine how many of the drivers who took prescribed medications with impairment potential received a warning from their health care providers, pharmacy staff, or prescription warning labels regarding impaired driving. As with Aim 1, we will examine the association between receiving these warnings and drivers' demographics and other relevant characteristics. Aim 3: Examine drivers' perceptions regarding the likelihood that prescription drugs may (a) impair a person's ability to drive, and (b) increase the risk of arrest for impaired driving. The findings from this study will be applied to the development and testing of interventions designed to ensure that drivers who use prescription drugs with impairment potential understand both the public health and legal implications of their choice to drive.