Project 6: PAHs in Highly Exposed Populations: Composition, Exposure and

中国人和美洲印第安人都暴露于高水平的复杂环境PAH混合物，近年来这两个人群的肺癌死亡率都有所增加。这些人群接触的复杂的PAH混合物的特征仍然很差，这是风险评估的一个主要限制。由于燃煤电厂的快速增长，中国是世界上最大的、呈指数增长的、致突变的、颗粒物（PM）结合的多环芳烃（PAH）的排放国。这个问题超出了当地的暴露范围，因为这些多环芳烃的跨太平洋大气传输到美国只需5天。我们假设：1）中国和美洲印第安人暴露于高浓度的不同复杂环境的多环芳烃混合物; 2）硝基和氧多环芳烃在亚洲PM过境到美国的过程中形成;和3）亚洲PM的结果在一个可测量的增加在美国西部的PM致突变性我们的跨太平洋运输的监测提供了一个独特的机会，在全球范围内测试这些假设。我们的第一个具体目标是测量PM结合PAH的组成和暴露于非吸烟的中国人在京津大都市区和美洲印第安人的联合部落的乌马蒂拉印第安人保留地（CTUIR）使用个人空气采样和尿代谢物的新测定。我们的第二个具体目标是在大气和实验室中原位测量亚洲PM的老化。这将通过从中国北京到日本冲绳再到富士山的一系列监测点来实现。学士和波特兰，俄勒冈州和CTUIR和比较结果模拟大气老化在实验室反应堆。此类研究 从来没有进行过。我们的第三个具体目标是测量收集的不同类型PM的致突变性，并将此信息与中国和美洲印第安人的PAH暴露联系起来。这些数据将是非常有价值的，以改善估计的人类健康的影响，多环芳烃对高度暴露的人群。将与核心C和D合作研究新的尿液代谢物，并将空气质量轨迹和测量结果纳入基于网络的GIS平台，该平台将由州和联邦机构与核心B合作使用。将通过向部落成员转让空气采样技术并与核心E合作培训部落成员，加强美洲印第安部落的能力。

Both Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high levels of complex, environmental PAH mixtures and lung cancer mortality rates have increased in both populations in recent years. The complex PAH mixtures these populations are exposed to remain poorly characterized and this is a major limitation in risk assessment. Due to the rapid increase in coal-fired power plants, China is the largest, and exponentially growing, emitter of mutagenic, particulate matter (PM)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the world. The issue extends beyond local exposure because trans-Pacific atmospheric transport of these PAHs to the U.S. occurs in as little as 5 days. We hypothesize that 1) Chinese and American Indian populations are exposed to high concentrations of different complex environmental PAH mixtures; 2) nitro and oxy-PAHs are formed on Asian PM in transit to the U.S.; and 3) Asian PM results in a measurable increase in the mutagenicity of PM in the western U.S. Our monitoring of trans-Pacific transport offers a unique opportunity to test these hypotheses on a global scale. Our first specific aim will measure the PM-bound PAH composition and exposure to nonsmoking Chinese in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area and American Indian men and women on the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) using personal air sampling and novel assays of urinary metabolites. Our second specific aim will measure the aging of Asian PM in situ in the atmosphere and in the laboratory. This will be accomplished using a series of monitoring sites from Beijing, China to Okinawa, Japan to Mt. Bachelor and Portland, Oregon and the CTUIR and comparing the results to simulated atmospheric aging in a laboratory reactor. Such studies have never been conducted before. Our third specific aim will measure the mutagenicity of the different types of PM collected and link this information to Chinese and American Indian PAH exposure. These data will be of great value for improving estimates of the human health impact of PAHs on highly exposed populations. Novel urinary metabolites will be investigated in collaboration with Cores C and D and air mass trajectories and measurements will be incorporated into a web-based GIS platform that will be used by state and federal agencies in collaboration with Core B. American Indian tribal capacity will be strengthened by transferring air sampling technology to and training tribal members in collaboration with Core E.