Project 4: Atmosperic Sources of PCB Congeners

项目4的长期目标是更好地了解环境空气中观察到的浓度与住宅和工业社区空气中多氯联苯的特定来源之间的关系。中心假设是，空气中多氯联苯的排放是多氯联苯所在的化合物和暴露的环境表面的物理化学特征的可测量和可量化特征的函数。目标1：确定芝加哥城市/工业综合体中空气中多氯联苯的来源和命运。我们假设芝加哥空气中的多氯联苯来自全市受污染的表面。我们将通过在整个芝加哥和整个季节部署空气采样器来检验我们的假设。使用测量结果、模型和地理数据库，我们将确定芝加哥污染源对密歇根湖每年沉积的多氯联苯的相对贡献，区分该地区空气中多氯联苯的远程来源和本地来源，并确定高风险暴露于空气中多氯联苯的社区。目的2：鉴定来源和Aroclor多氯联苯。我们推测，非Aroclor多氯联苯已经释放到环境中几十年了，由于它们存在于商业涂料和其他建筑材料中，因此将被释放。我们将通过测量档案和新样品中的非Aroclor多氯联苯以及商业涂料中的多氯联苯来验证这一假设。利用沉积物岩心和存档的样本提取物，我们将确定这些化合物在环境中暴露的年表及其当前排放的大小。目标3：描述印第安纳州港口和船运运河(IHSC)空气中多氯联苯的排放和去向。我们 假设IHSC的沉积物是印第安纳州东芝加哥社区空气中多氯联苯同系物的主要来源。为了验证我们的假设，我们将测量IHSC深层沉积物中的多氯联苯。我们将计算非疏浚和疏浚条件下多氯联苯的释放，包括暴露深层沉积物的部分清除。我们会透过量度本地和区域空气质素，监察疏浚工程的成效。作为这里描述的工作的结果，项目4将促进更科学合理和有效的行动，以减少人类接触这些潜在有害化合物。

The long-term goal of Project #4 is to better understand the relationship between the observed concentrations in ambient air and specific sources of airborne PCBs in residential and industrial communities. The central hypothesis is that emissions of airborne PCBs are a function of measureable and quantifiable characteristics of the physical-chemical characteristics of the compounds and exposed environmental surfaces on which the PCBs reside. The Aims focus on identification, characterization and prediction of the magnitude and impact of sources of airborne PCBs: Aim 1: To determine the sources and fate of airborne PCB congeners in the urban/industrial complex of Chicago. We hypothesize that airborne PCBs in Chicago originate from contaminated surfaces throughout the city. We will test our hypotheses by deploying air samplers throughout the City of Chicago and over seasons. Using the measurements, models, and geographic databases, we will determine the relative contribution of Chicago sources toward the annual mass of PCBs deposited in Lake Michigan, distinguish long range versus local sources of airborne PCBs to the region, and determine neighborhoods of elevated risk for high exposure to airborne PCBs. Aim 2: To chapacterize the sources and Aroclor PCBs. We hypothesize that non-Aroclor PCBs have beeN released to the environment for decades and conthnue to be released due to their presence in commercial paint and other buil$ing materials. We wihl test this hypothesis by measuring non-Aroclor PCBs in archival and new samples and by measuring PCBs in c/mmercial paint. Using sediment cores and archived sample extracts, we will ddtermine the chronology of environmental exposure to these compounds and the magnitude of their current emissions. Aim 3: To characterize the emission and fate of airborne PCBs in the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (IHSC). We hypothesize that the sediment of the IHSC is a major source of airborne PCB congeners to the community of East Chicago, Indiana. To test our hypotheses, we will measure PCBs in deep sediments of the IHSC. We will calculate the release of PCBs under no-dredging and dredging-conditions, including partial Removal that exposes deep sediments. We will monitor the effect of dredging through local and regional air measurements. As a result of the work described here, Project #4 will promote more scientifically-sound and effective action to reduce human exposure to these potentially harmful compounds.